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    Poisoning

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    Murtaza Choudhary
    Poisoning can result from large doses of drugs or exposure to toxic chemicals. Barbiturate poisoning can lead to drug automatism where a person unknowingly takes repeated overdoses. Symptoms include slurred speech, ataxia, and respiratory depression. Treatment involves gastric lavage and use of analeptics. Opioid poisoning from morphine causes stupor, pinpoint pupils, slowed breathing, and hypotension. Treatment consists of respiratory support, IV fluids, naloxone as an antidote, and repeated doses due to its short duration. Organophosphate poisoning affects eyes, breathing, and muscles. Treatment terminates exposure, maintains airway and blood

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    Poisoning

    Uploaded by

    Murtaza Choudhary
    159 views6 pages
    Poisoning can result from large doses of drugs or exposure to toxic chemicals. Barbiturate poisoning can lead to drug automatism where a person unknowingly takes repeated overdoses. Symptoms include slurred speech, ataxia, and respiratory depression. Treatment involves gastric lavage and use of analeptics. Opioid poisoning from morphine causes stupor, pinpoint pupils, slowed breathing, and hypotension. Treatment consists of respiratory support, IV fluids, naloxone as an antidote, and repeated doses due to its short duration. Organophosphate poisoning affects eyes, breathing, and muscles. Treatment terminates exposure, maintains airway and blood

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    Barbiturates poisoning, organophosphorus poisoning

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    poisoning

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    Poisoning can result from large doses of drugs or exposure to toxic chemicals. Barbiturate poisoning can lead to drug automatism where a person unknowingly takes repeated overdoses. Symptoms include slurred speech, ataxia, and respiratory depression. Treatment involves gastric lavage and use of analeptics. Opioid poisoning from morphine causes stupor, pinpoint pupils, slowed breathing, and hypotension. Treatment consists of respiratory support, IV fluids, naloxone as an antidote, and repeated doses due to its short duration. Organophosphate poisoning affects eyes, breathing, and muscles. Treatment terminates exposure, maintains airway and blood

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    159 views6 pages

    Poisoning

    Uploaded by

    Murtaza Choudhary
    Poisoning can result from large doses of drugs or exposure to toxic chemicals. Barbiturate poisoning can lead to drug automatism where a person unknowingly takes repeated overdoses. Symptoms include slurred speech, ataxia, and respiratory depression. Treatment involves gastric lavage and use of analeptics. Opioid poisoning from morphine causes stupor, pinpoint pupils, slowed breathing, and hypotension. Treatment consists of respiratory support, IV fluids, naloxone as an antidote, and repeated doses due to its short duration. Organophosphate poisoning affects eyes, breathing, and muscles. Treatment terminates exposure, maintains airway and blood

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    POISONING

    • Poisoning implies harmful effects of a chemical on a biological


    system.
    • It may result from large doses of drug because “it is the dose
    which distinguish a drug from a poison

    • POISON poison is a substance which endangers life by


    severely affecting one or more vital function ; industrial
    chemicals , insecticides are involved in poisoning
    Drug automatism ( Barbiturate poisoning)
    Automatism, in toxicology. refers to a tendency to take a drug over and over
    again, forgetting each time that one has already taken the dose. This can lead
    to a cumulative overdose. A particular example is barbiturates which were
    once commonly used as hypnotic (sleep inducing) drugs.

    Chronic symptoms Acute symptoms


    Slurred speech Confusion
    Ataxia Talkativeness
    Hypotonia Emotional instability
    Nystagmus Ataxia
    Difficulty in accommodation Respiratory depression
    Impaired superficial & deep reflexes Hypotension

    Treatment:-
    Gastric lavage
    Endotracheal intubation
    Forced diuressis
    Alkalinization
    Use of analeptic like Bemigride and nikethamide
    OPIODS POISONING
    Opioids Acute morphine poisoning
    • It may be accidental , suicidal or seen
    These are the substance obtained
    in drug abuser
    from the crude extract of Papaver
    • In the nontolerant adult ,50 mg of
    somniferum (poppy plant) morphine i.m produces serious
    toxicity

    • Manifestations
    • stupor or coma
    • Flaccidity
    • cyanosis
    • Pin-point pupil
    • sedation
    • Slowed or absent breath
    • Fall in BP & shock, convulsion
    • Pulmonary edema
    • Death (due to respiratory failure)
    Treatment
    • Consists of respiratory support (positive pressure respiration also opposes
    pulmonary edema formation) & maintenance of BP (i.v fluids ,
    vasoconstrictor)
    • Gastric lavage should be done with KMNO4 to unabsorbed drug .

    • SPECIFIC ANTIDOTE
    • Naloxone 0.4 -0.8 mg i.v repeated every 2-3 min till respiration picks up,
    is the specific antagonist of choice because it acts rapidly , does not have any
    agonistic action
    Naloxone should be repeated every 1-4 hrs (due to short duration of action)
    Organophosphate poisoning
    • Anticholinesterases are easily • MANIFESTATION
    available & extensively used as • Irritation of eye
    agricultural & household
    • Lacrimation
    insecticides; accidental as well as
    suicidal & homicida poisoning is • Salivation
    common • Sweating
    • Copious tracheo-bronchial secretion
    • Miosis
    • Blurring of vision , bronchospasm
    • Breathlessness
    • Urination
    • Death due to respiratory failure
    Treatment
    1. Termination of further exposure to the poison ---fresh air ,
    wash the skin and mucous membranes with soap & water ,
    gastric lavage according to need
    2. Maintain patent airway , positive pressure respiration if it is
    failing.
    3. Supportive measure---maintain BP, hydration , control of
    convulsion with judicious use of diazepam.
    4. Specific antidote
    Atropine (choice antidote )
    2mg repeated every 10 min till dryness of mouth upto 200 mg in
    a day

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