Air-Compressor

Air Compressors
Air compressor
�Pneumatics: A system which uses compressed air is
called pneumatics.
�It deals with the study of behaviour & application of
compressed air
�A basic pneumatic system consist of a source of
compressed air, control valves, pipelines & pipe
fittings and pneumatic accessories like filter,
regulator and lubricator
Application of compressed air
�For operating pneumatic tools such as drills, screw
drivers, hammers, chiessels
�For pneumatic cranes
�For pneumatic brakes of automobiles, railways and
presses
�For agricultural accessories such as dusters and
sprayers
� For drive of CNC machine tools
� For pneumatic conveying of materials
� For pneumatic gauging, inspection and low cost
automation systems
Introduction to compressors
�An air compressor is a mechanical device that
increases the pressure of air by reducing volume.
�Air is compressible, the compressor reduces the
volume of air and induces pressure in the air
�An air compressor converts electrical energy into
kinetic energy in the form of the air
Introduction to compressors
�The compressed air is stored in the air receiver and
can be used for cleaning under pressure, generating
torque and develop force using actuators
�This source is free of cost, safe, flexible and
convenient
�Air compressor has very few parts hence
maintenance is very low
Classification of air compressor
Reciprocating Air compressors
�Reciprocating air compressors are positive

displacement type of air compressors.
�These are piston & diaphragm type, vane type, gear
type, screw type compressors.
� The principle of operation is same but according to
stages the delivery pressure is different in each
compressor.
�A reciprocating air compressor consist of a piston

which is enclosed within a cylinder and equipped
with suction and discharge valve
�The piston receives power from electric motor or IC
engine.
�The compression of air is done by first drawing a

volume of air into the cylinder through suction valve
during suction stroke of piston and then compressed
and discharged through delivery valve during
delivery stroke
Single stage reciprocating air compressor
Single stage Reciprocating Air compressors
�When piston starts moving downwards, the pressure

inside the cylinder falls below atmospheric pressure
that opens suction valve.
�The pressure of the air in the cylinder rises during
compression and at the end of compression, delivery
valve opens and discharges the compressed air into
the receiver tank.
Single stage Reciprocating Air compressors
�Single stage air compressor develop pressure upto 7

bar.
�For higher pressures multistage compressors are
suitable
Double stage Reciprocating Air compressors
�It consist of two cylinders – low pressure cylinder

and high pressure cylinder
�Piston, crankcase, piston rod, crank, crankshaft, oil,
fins etc.
Double stage reciprocating air compressor
�The fresh air is drawn inside the L.P. cylinder

through inlet suction filter.
�This air is compressed by piston
�As the piston moves towards the end of cylinder, the
air compression took place.
�The delivery valve opens and this compressed air

from L.P. cylinder is directed to enter inside the high
pressure cylinder.
�In high pressure cylinder this pressurised air is
further compressed to higher pressure.
�The high pressure air from H.P. cylinder is then

delivered to receiver through discharge valves.
�In this compressor, a pressure of air delivered is upto
13 bar.
Diaphragm type
Advantages
�Simple in design
�Lower initial cost
�Easy to install
�Higher efficiency
Disadvantages
�Number of moving parts are more

�Higher maintenance cost
�Heavy foundation is required as it has vibration
problem
�Cannot run at full capacity
Rotary vane compressor
�It is positive displacement type compressor.

�It provides higher efficiency and flow rates over a
wide range of pressure
�Rotary vane compressor consist of rotor with a
number of vanes inserted in the radial slots cut in
rotor.
�The rotor is mounted eccentric in a casing.

�The vanes slides radially in and out of the rotor.
�As the rotor rotates at higher speed, centrifugal force
throws the vanes outward keeping the end of vane in
contact with the stator ring.
�As the rotor turns, compression is achieved as the

volume goes from a maximum at intake port to
minimum at the exhaust port.
�An oil is injected into the air intake and along the
stator walls to cool the air and lubricate bearing and
vanes and to provide a seal between the vane and
stator wall to reduce internal leakage.
Advantages:
�Simple design
�Compact in size
�Light in weight
�Easy to install
�Low cost
�Low maintenance cost
�Longer life
�Few moving parts
�Low rotational speed
�Expensive foundation not required
Disadvantages:
�Lower efficiency
�Difficulty with higher pressure above 200 psi
�Oil injected designs have oil carryover
Centrifugal compressor
Selection of compressors
�Selection of air compressor for given application is
governed by several factors as below
�Pressure
�Flow rates or capacity
�Geometry of cylinder
�Speed of piston
�The layout of pipe line, system requirement and the
distance of user machine from compressor plant
THANK YOU

Air-Compressor

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Air-Compressor

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Air-Compressor

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Air Compressors

�Reciprocating air compressors are positive

�A reciprocating air compressor consist of a piston

�The compression of air is done by first drawing a

�When piston starts moving downwards, the pressure

�Single stage air compressor develop pressure upto 7

�It consist of two cylinders – low pressure cylinder

�The fresh air is drawn inside the L.P. cylinder

�The delivery valve opens and this compressed air

�The high pressure air from H.P. cylinder is then

�Number of moving parts are more

�It is positive displacement type compressor.

�The rotor is mounted eccentric in a casing.

�As the rotor turns, compression is achieved as the

You might also like