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    Chapter 7 - Photosynthesis: - Almost All Plants Are Photosynthetic Autotrophs, As Are Some Bacteria and Protists

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    yudi prakasa
    The document summarizes key aspects of photosynthesis. It discusses that photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts in plant cells and uses light energy to split water molecules, releasing oxygen and generating hydrogen. The hydrogen is then used in the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide into glucose without needing sunlight. Photosynthesis is essential as it introduces oxygen into the atmosphere while removing carbon dioxide.

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    Chapter 7 - Photosynthesis: - Almost All Plants Are Photosynthetic Autotrophs, As Are Some Bacteria and Protists

    Uploaded by

    yudi prakasa
    55 views11 pages
    The document summarizes key aspects of photosynthesis. It discusses that photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts in plant cells and uses light energy to split water molecules, releasing oxygen and generating hydrogen. The hydrogen is then used in the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide into glucose without needing sunlight. Photosynthesis is essential as it introduces oxygen into the atmosphere while removing carbon dioxide.

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    Chapter 7- Photosynthesis

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    The document summarizes key aspects of photosynthesis. It discusses that photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts in plant cells and uses light energy to split water molecules, releasing oxygen and generating hydrogen. The hydrogen is then used in the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide into glucose without needing sunlight. Photosynthesis is essential as it introduces oxygen into the atmosphere while removing carbon dioxide.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    55 views11 pages

    Chapter 7 - Photosynthesis: - Almost All Plants Are Photosynthetic Autotrophs, As Are Some Bacteria and Protists

    Uploaded by

    yudi prakasa
    The document summarizes key aspects of photosynthesis. It discusses that photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts in plant cells and uses light energy to split water molecules, releasing oxygen and generating hydrogen. The hydrogen is then used in the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide into glucose without needing sunlight. Photosynthesis is essential as it introduces oxygen into the atmosphere while removing carbon dioxide.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Chapter 7 - Photosynthesis

    • Almost all plants are photosynthetic autotrophs, as


    are some bacteria and protists
    – They generate their own organic matter through
    photosynthesis..

    (c) Euglena
    (d) Cyanobacteria

    (b) Kelp
    (a) Mosses, ferns, and
    flowering plants
    • Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts, which:
    – Are found in the cells of the mesophyll
    – Contain stroma, a thick fluid
    – Contain thylakoids, membranous sacs in stacks
    called grana..
    Vein
    Chloroplast
    Meso-
    phyll Inner Outer
    membrane membrane

    Stomata

    Leaf cross section Mesophyll cell


    Grana Stroma Thylakoid Thylakoid
    space
    The Overall Equation for Photosynthesis
    • The reactants and products of the reaction..

    Light
    energy

    Photo-
    Carbon Water synthesis Glucose Oxygen
    dioxide gas
    • Photosynthesis is a two-step process:
    – Light reactions – require sunlight energy
    to split water molecules into 2H and O2
    – Calvin Cycle (dark reactions) – hydrogen
    generated from the light reactions is used
    to reduce CO2 to generate sugar – does
    not require sunlight
    • Leaves absorb CO2 through stomata..
    Light
    Chloroplast

    NADP
    ADP
    +P
    Light Calvin
    reactions cycle
    • Chlorophyll molecules absorb photons
    – Electrons in the pigment gain energy
    – The energy is released and used..

    Excited
    e state
    1 2

    Heat
    Light
    (b) fluorescence of isolated chlorophyll in solution

    Light
    (fluorescence)
    Photon
    Ground
    Chlorophyll state
    molecule

    (a) Absorption of a photon

    (c) Fluorescence of a glow stick


    • The light reactions in the thylakoid membrane

    2NADP+ 2NADPH2
    – 2H2O O2 ..
    Light Reactions To Calvin Cycle

    Light Light
    ADP + P
    NADP

    Stroma
    Electron transport chain
    Thylakoid ATP
    membrane synthase
    Inside thylakoid

    /2
    1
    The Calvin Cycle: Making Sugar From
    Carbon Dioxide

    • The Calvin cycle


    – Functions like a sugar factory within a
    chloroplast
    – Regenerates the starting material with each turn

    6NADPH2 6NADP + 12H


    6CO2 C 6H12O6
    Input
    3 CO2

    3 RuBP 6 3-PGA

    3 ADP 6 ADP + 6
    Calvin
    3
    cycle 6

    6 NADP

    5 G3P 6 G3P

    1 G3P

    Glucose and
    Output other compounds
    • Photosynthesis has an enormous impact on
    the atmosphere
    – It swaps CO2 in the atmosphere for O2

    Why do we need the O2?..

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