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    Central Dogma AND Concept of Genetic Code

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    Princy
    The document summarizes the central dogma of molecular biology and the genetic code. The central dogma states that DNA encodes RNA and RNA encodes proteins. It describes how genetic information flows from DNA to mRNA to proteins. The genetic code defines the rules by which codons in mRNA specify which amino acid will be added during protein synthesis. Key processes like DNA replication, transcription, translation, and the features of the genetic code are briefly explained.

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    Central Dogma AND Concept of Genetic Code

    Uploaded by

    Princy
    32 views12 pages
    The document summarizes the central dogma of molecular biology and the genetic code. The central dogma states that DNA encodes RNA and RNA encodes proteins. It describes how genetic information flows from DNA to mRNA to proteins. The genetic code defines the rules by which codons in mRNA specify which amino acid will be added during protein synthesis. Key processes like DNA replication, transcription, translation, and the features of the genetic code are briefly explained.

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    Central dogma H2

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    The document summarizes the central dogma of molecular biology and the genetic code. The central dogma states that DNA encodes RNA and RNA encodes proteins. It describes how genetic information flows from DNA to mRNA to proteins. The genetic code defines the rules by which codons in mRNA specify which amino acid will be added during protein synthesis. Key processes like DNA replication, transcription, translation, and the features of the genetic code are briefly explained.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    32 views12 pages

    Central Dogma AND Concept of Genetic Code

    Uploaded by

    Princy
    The document summarizes the central dogma of molecular biology and the genetic code. The central dogma states that DNA encodes RNA and RNA encodes proteins. It describes how genetic information flows from DNA to mRNA to proteins. The genetic code defines the rules by which codons in mRNA specify which amino acid will be added during protein synthesis. Key processes like DNA replication, transcription, translation, and the features of the genetic code are briefly explained.

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    CENTRAL DOGMA

    AND
    CONCEPT OF GENETIC
    CODE
    Presented by :
    PRINCY RAGHUWANSHI
    B.Sc Biotechnology (hons.)
    Chemistry (subs.)
    roll no. 419179
    INTRODUCTION
    • The Central Dogma : DNA emcodes RNA , RNA encodes proteins.
    • The cental dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic
    information in cells from DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) to
    proteins.
    • The GENETIC CODE is the set of rules used by living cells to
    translate information encoded within genetic material into proteins.
    • The code defines how codons specify which amino acid will be
    added next during protein synthesis.
    DNA & RNA

    •Genetic material •Protein synthesis


    •Deoxyribose sugar •Ribose sugar
    •Adenine , Guanine, Cytosine and •Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and
    Thymine. Uracil.
    •Double –stranded. •Single –stranded.
    •Helical form •Linear form.
    DNA REPLICATION

    • DNA replication must occur if genetic material is to be provided for


    the progeny of any cell.
    • A complex group of proteins called the replisome performs the
    replication of the information from the parent strand to the
    complementary daughter strand.
    • This process typically takes place during S phase of the cell cycle.
    TRANSCRIPTION
    • Transcription is the process by which the information contained in a
    section of DNA is replicated in the form of a newly assembled piece
    of messenger RNA (mRNA).
    • Enzymes facilitating the process include RNA polymerase and 
    transcription factors.
    • Processing includes the addition of a  5' cap and a poly-A tail to the
    pre-mRNA chain, followed by splicing.
    TRANSLATION
    • In eukaryotic cells, the site of transcription (the cell nucleus) is
    usually separated from the site of translation (the cytoplasm).
    • The ribosome reads the mRNA triplet codons, usually beginning with
    an AUG or initiator methionine codon  downstream of
    the ribosome binding site and ends with a stop codon which may be a
    UAA, UG.A, or UAG triplet.m of the ribosome binding site.
    GENETIC CODE
    • Genetic code, the sequence of nucleotides in deoxyribonucleic acid (
    DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) that determines the amino acid
     sequence of proteins. 
    • Three adjacent nucleotides constitute a unit known as the codon, which
    codes for an amino acid. For example, the sequence AUG is a codon that
    specifies the amino acid methionine.
    • There are 64 possible codons, three of which do not code for amino
    acids but indicate the end of a protein.
    • The remaining 61 codons specify the 20 amino acids that make up
    proteins. 
    SALIENT FEATURES
    • UNAMBIGUOUS :One codon codes for only one amino acid.
    • DEGENARATE : Some amino acids are coded by more than one
    codon.
    • NO PUNCTUATION : The codon is read in mRNA in a contiguous
    fashion.
    • UNIVERSAL : eg. UUU code for Phenylalanine from bacteria to
    human.
    • AUG jas dual function , it codes for methionine and also act as initiator
    codon.
    THANK YOU

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