Drinage System

G E
NA
AI M
R E
D ST
4. 0 SY
SUB TOPIC IN CHAPTER 4
4.1 Understand systems of drainage
4.1.1 Explain water disposal system
a. ground disposal system
b. below ground disposal system
4.1.2 Explain drainage below ground system for medium
sized building
a. separate system
b. combined system
c. partially separate system
4.1.3 Recognize materials for underground pipes
4.1.4 Explain surface drains
4.1.5 Recognize shapes and materials for surface drains
4.1 DRAINAGE SYSTEM
The efficient disposal of waste and surface water from a building is important
to:
i) public health
ii) an essential part of the construction of
a building
« to disposal soil, waste and surface water from buildings or

domestic buildings to septic tank or sewerage treatment plant.»
WHAT HAPPENED IF THE
DRAIN IS NOT STRONG AND
LEAKS ????????
water pollution and

risk in building irrigation
KNOWLEDGE
4.1.1 WATER DISPOSAL SYSTEM
GROUND
DISPOSAL
TWO TYPES OF SYSTEM
DISPOSAL
SYSTEM BELOW GROUND
DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
4.1.1 GROUND DISPOSAL SYSTEM
Include : one pipe system

: two pipe system
: single stack system
It is a process that soil, waste water, rain
water from the building go to manhole before
entering septic tank……………………..
Figure: Super Septic

4.1.2 DRAINAGE BELOW GROUND SYSTEM
FOR MEDIUM SIZED BUILDING
(Combined System)
DRAINAGE BELOW
(Separate System)
GROUND SYSTEM
(Partially Separate System)

A) COMBINED SYSTEM
The waste water from:-
i) Sanitary appliances
ii) Surface water from the roofs and paved area
Are conveyed by a single underground drain to a one
combined sewer.
As the surface and water are combined together in the sewer
therefore the cost of sewerage disposal is increased.
Advantages : economical installation costs for pipe, easy and

does not required a lot of pipes. It use sewer which has a big
diameter.
Disadvantages: it’s not suitable used in Malaysia (tropical)
because sewerage treatment can’t treat all waste water and rain in
big quantities.
Figure: Combined System
B) SEPERATED SYSTEM
Two drainage pipes were been used ;

i. Soil and Waste water drain
ii. Surface drain
« waste water from sanitary fittings wasteMwater drain
waste water sewer »
« Rain water and surface water public surface water
river »
Advantages : Two separate sewer therefore the size of the

sewer pipes are small.The sewer are embedded underground for
hygiene and avoid contamination.
Disadvantages : Expensive in installation.
Figure : Separate System
Sanitary
Surface drain
Fittings
Man hole
Public
Sewer
Figure : Separate System

C) PARTIALLY SEPARATE SYSTEM
The waste water from;

i) The sanitary appliances are conveyed to an
underground foul water drain to the sewer.
ii) The surface water from the roofs and paved
area (sometimes from sink) are drained to
another underground drain to the sewer.
There are:
iii)Two separate underground drainage
iv)Connected to a one public sewer
Figure : Partially Separate System
SURFACE DRAIN
Types of surface drain:

i) Pre Cast V Drain
ii) Pre Cast U Drain
iii) RC Drain
iv) Half Round Drain
v) Cascading
vi) Scupper
vii) Roadside
i) Pre Cast V Drain
Characteristic:
• ‘V’ shape.
• Usually in along road or beside hill’s slope
Figure : Pre Cast V Drain

ii) Pre Cast U Drain
Characteristic:
• ‘U’ shape.
• Usually at around building or house.
Figure : Pre Cast u Drain

iii) R.C Drain
Characteristic:
• Drainage that being consilidate with concrete and
reinforcement.
• Builds straight at site using pre-cast method.
• Usually build besides the road.
Figure : R.C Drain

iv) Half Round Drain
Characteristic:
• Usually builds in resident area, and low level
ground area.
Figure : Half Round Drain

v) Cascading Drain
Characteristic:
• Shape like a stair.
• Can give support to hill’s slope.
• Construction based on hill’s slope.
• Usually builds in hill’s slope besides the road.
Figure : Cascading Drain

vi) Scupper Drain.
Characteristic:
• Builds along besides the road.
• Sumped water besides the road will flow throught this
drainage.
Figure : Scupper Drain

vii) Roadside Drain
Characteristic:
• Builds besides the roads.
• To avoid the road being flooded.
Figure : Roadside Drain

SHAPES AND MATERIALS FOR SURFACE DRAIN
SHAPES
i. Round Shaped
 Made of concrete and steel.
Function:
• Build as water drainage tunnel.
• Usually at besides the road.
• Relate the seperated road by drain.
Figure : Round Culvert

ii) Square shaped.
 Made from the concrete.
Function:
• Builds to flow the water from drain for avoid stuck.
• To relate a separated road that being caused by small river.
• Suitable used for road that carry a heavy vehicles such as bus and
lorry.
Figure : Box Culvert

MANHOLE
4.2 Understand manhole (inspection chamber)
4.2.1 Explain manhole construction
4.2.2 Explain types of materials used in manhole construction :
a. brick
b. precast concrete
c. cast iron
4.2.3 Discuss access point to drains at following points:
a. change of direction / at a bend
b. change of levels
c. change of pipe size
d. on long runs.
4.3 Understand the Uniform Building By-Laws regarding drainage
system.
4.3.1 Describe the application of UBBL in designing and installing
the drainage system.
EXPLAIN MANHOLE CONSTRUCTION
Manhole and inspection chamber are spaces or holes

constructed at a particular location above a drainage
pipe or sewer pipe, and they have removable cover.
The size of an Inspection chamber is smaller than the

size of a manhole, and it is less than 1m deep. As
such, the chamber size is small for man entry.
The Functions of manhole and inspection chamber

are to ease inspection, testing, cleaning and water
sampling works.
CONSTRUCTION AND THE USAGE OF INSPECTION MANHOLE
IN UNDERGROUND WATER DISPOSAL SYSTEM.
Meaning and characteristic of manhole:
• Know as check hole, manhole is a construction that stay at ground.
• It is build to make maintenance work easier if there is a failure or
siphonage at drainage system.
• Construction material of manhole usually using brick or concrete.
• Manhole shape is in many types, which is for example, square, round
shape, ‘T’ shape or ‘L’ shape.
• Usually, square shape is used.
• Every manhole have a cover that made of steel with a size 18”-21”.
Figure: Manhole
EXPLAIN TYPES OF MATERIALS USED IN
MANHOLE CONSTRUCTION :
• Complicated Work
Installation • Require high quality
Construction
• Long Lasting
BRICK Durability • Possibility of
leakage(bocor)
• Cement and brick

Material
• Mortar
• Simple
Installation • Fast
PRE-CAST • Durable
Durability
CONCRETE • Poor resistance to acid
Material • Concrete
• LightweightSi
Installation mple
• Fast
• Durable
PLASTIC Durability • Long Lasting
• Watertight
• HDPE
Material
• PVC
NOTE:
HDPE = High Density Polyethytene
uPVC = Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride
ACCESS POINT TO DRAINS AT FOLLOWING
POINTS:
a. change in drainage pipe direction b.

Junction
c. change in gradient/levels
d. change of drainage pipe size
e. long pipeline
Discuss and sketch the layout the underground pipe disposal and inspection manhole.
A.LURANG - MANHOLE
B.PAIP PEMBUANGAN PERSENDIRIAN – WASTE PIPE
C.PAIP PEMBUANGAN AWAM – PUBLIC WASTE PIPE
D.SUPER SAPTIC – SEPTIC TANK
E.PAPAN TANDA -
F.TANGKI PENGAGIHAN
G.CLARIFIER
H.SLUDGE DIGESTER
I.SUNGAI - RIVER
Figure: Manhole Detail
Location of manholes and inspection chambers
A cross section of manholes at change of gradient.

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G E

« to disposal soil, waste and surface water from buildings or

water pollution and

Include : one pipe system

Figure: Super Septic

(Partially Separate System)

Advantages : economical installation costs for pipe, easy and

Two drainage pipes were been used ;

Advantages : Two separate sewer therefore the size of the

Figure : Separate System

The waste water from;

Types of surface drain:

Figure : Pre Cast V Drain

Figure : Pre Cast u Drain

Figure : R.C Drain

Figure : Half Round Drain

Figure : Cascading Drain

Figure : Scupper Drain

Figure : Roadside Drain

Figure : Round Culvert

Figure : Box Culvert

Manhole and inspection chamber are spaces or holes

The size of an Inspection chamber is smaller than the

The Functions of manhole and inspection chamber

• Cement and brick

a. change in drainage pipe direction b.

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