Risk Assessment: Dr. Khidir Faisal Abu Bakr MD (DPH)

RISK ASSESSMENT
Dr. KHIDIR FAISAL ABU BAKR

MD ( DPH)
What is Risk Assessment?
 Risk Assessment is a systematic approach to
identify hazards, evaluate risk and incorporate
appropriate measures to manage and mitigate
risk for any work process or activity.
RISK ASSESSMENT
Risk assessment can be defined as :
A ‘very straightforward process based on
judgement requiring no specialist skills or
complicated techniques.’
This approach is commonly known as

qualitative or subjective risk
assessment.
WHY We Need To Do RA?
Protect Ourselves
 RA is key to prevention of accident
 Everyone deserve to go home safely at the
end of the day
Elevate safety awareness & ownership
 Aware of hazards, risks and controls and

practicing safe science
University and Faculty Procedures
Compliance with Regulations

Definition – HAZARD
 “Source or situation or act with a potential for

harm in terms of human injury or ill health or a
combination of these” .
 e.g. Toxic or flammable substances, electric

energy, working at heights etc.
 Hazard is something that cause harm or injury

Major Hazards
 Major hazards associated with complex
chemical or nuclear plants, may ‘warrant
the need of such techniques as
Quantitative Risk Assessment’.
 In Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) a
numerical estimate is made of the
probability that a defined harm will result
from the occurrence of a particular event.
Hazard Identification
 Comparative Methods: e.g. checklists

and audits.
 Fundamental Methods: e.g. Deviation
Analysis, Hazard and Operability Studies,
Energy Analysis, Failure Modes & Effects
Analysis.
 Failure Logic: e.g. Fault Trees, Event
Trees & Cause- Consequence diagrams
Definition - RISK
 Combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous
event or exposure(s) and the severity of injury or ill health that
may be caused by the event or exposure(s) .
 Likelihood that a hazard will cause a specific harm or injury to
person or damage property .
 Risk means the chance that someone will be harmed by the
hazard.
 Risk = Hazard effect x Probability (likelihood of Occurrence) .
Assessing the Risks
Quantitative risk assessment:

• Commonly used in the high technology
industries
• QRA tends to deal with the avoidance of low
probability events with serious
consequences to the plant and the
surrounding environment.
Assessing the Risks
Subjective risk assessment
 Qualitative risk assessment involves

making a formal judgement on the
consequence and probability using:
Risk = Severity x Likelihood

Assessing the Risks
Example:
The likely effect of a hazard may for example
be rated:
1. Major
Death or major injury or illness causing long term disability

2. Serious
Injuries or illness causing short-term disability

3. Slight
All other injuries or illnesses
Assessing the Risks
The likelihood of harm may be rated

1. High
Where it is certain that harm will occur

2. Medium
Where harm will often occur

3. Low
Where harm will seldom occur
Risk Concepts
What Can Go Wrong?
* How Likely Is It?
* What are the Impacts?
* Risk Level
* Manage Risk
Risk management also includes control and

monitoring of risks, as well as communicating
these risks
What
Whatcan
cango
goWrong
Wrong
How
Howlikely
likelyisisit?
it? What
Whatare
arethe
theImpacts
Impacts
Risk
RiskLevel
Level
MANAGE
MANAGERISK
RISK
Risk Assessment Process
 Identify the hazards
 ASSESS the risks and available control
measures
 Dose- response assessment
 Risk characterization & Management of the
risk :
 CONTROL the risks through implementation of
appropriate control measures
 MONITOR the controls to evaluate their
effectiveness
 Communication of Risks & Controls
CONT.
Assessing the Risks
Risk
=
Severity of Harm
x
Likelihood of occurrence
 This simple computation gives a risk value of
between 1 and 9 enabling a rough and ready
comparison of risks.
 In this case the lower the number, the greater the
risk, and so prioritises the hazards so that control
action can be targeted at higher risks.
Controlling Risk
 Risk Avoidance – This strategy involves a
conscious decision on the part of the organization
to avoid completely a particular risk by
discontinuing the operation producing the risk
e.g. the replacing a hazardous chemical by one
with less or no risk potential.
 Risk Retention – The risk is retained in the
organization where any consequent loss is
financed by the company. There are two aspects
to consider here, risk retention with knowledge
and risk retention without knowledge.
Controlling Risk
 Risk Transfer – This refers to the legal
assignment of the costs of certain
potential losses from one party to
another. The most common way is by
insurance.
 Risk Reduction – Here the risks are
systematically reduced through control
measures.
Risk Control
 Mainly using the concept of :
As Low As Reasonably Practicable
(ALARP)
ALARP
 Legislation requires employers to reduce
risks to a level that is As Low As is
Reasonably Practicable (abbreviated as
ALARP).
 To carry out a duty so far as is reasonably
practicable means that the degree of risk in a
particular activity or environment can be
balanced against the time, trouble, cost and
physical difficulty of taking measures to
avoid the risk.
Implementation & Review
1. Management staff or Principle Investigator

will need to approve the implementation
of control measures .
2. Monitoring of the process or activity has
to be carried to ensure that there is no
residual risk or additional risk arising
from the control measures .
Cont.
3. Risk assessors have to check or monitor the
new implementation of control measures and
to communicate with respective lab. or
operational personnel.
4. Review on Risk Assessment to be carried on
the following basis :
- At least once every three years base on
legislative requirements
- After an accident/incident occurrence
- Any change in process or activity
Thank you

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RISK ASSESSMENT

Dr. KHIDIR FAISAL ABU BAKR

This approach is commonly known as

 Aware of hazards, risks and controls and

Compliance with Regulations

 “Source or situation or act with a potential for

 e.g. Toxic or flammable substances, electric

 Hazard is something that cause harm or injury

 Comparative Methods: e.g. checklists

Quantitative risk assessment:

 Qualitative risk assessment involves

Risk = Severity x Likelihood

Risk management also includes control and

As Low As Reasonably Practicable

1. Management staff or Principle Investigator

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