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    Equipment Design and Drawing: SASTRA Deemed To Be University

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    Madhu
    The document discusses shell and tube heat exchangers. It describes that shell and tube heat exchangers consist of tubes bundled together inside a cylindrical shell, with one fluid flowing inside the tubes and another fluid flowing outside around the tubes. The document outlines key advantages of shell and tube designs like large surface area, good mechanical layout, and established fabrication techniques. Diagrams and figures from textbooks are included to illustrate tube arrangements, shell types, baffle designs, and triangular versus square tube patterns.

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    Equipment Design and Drawing: SASTRA Deemed To Be University

    Uploaded by

    Madhu
    22 views17 pages
    The document discusses shell and tube heat exchangers. It describes that shell and tube heat exchangers consist of tubes bundled together inside a cylindrical shell, with one fluid flowing inside the tubes and another fluid flowing outside around the tubes. The document outlines key advantages of shell and tube designs like large surface area, good mechanical layout, and established fabrication techniques. Diagrams and figures from textbooks are included to illustrate tube arrangements, shell types, baffle designs, and triangular versus square tube patterns.

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    Design lecture 2

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    The document discusses shell and tube heat exchangers. It describes that shell and tube heat exchangers consist of tubes bundled together inside a cylindrical shell, with one fluid flowing inside the tubes and another fluid flowing outside around the tubes. The document outlines key advantages of shell and tube designs like large surface area, good mechanical layout, and established fabrication techniques. Diagrams and figures from textbooks are included to illustrate tube arrangements, shell types, baffle designs, and triangular versus square tube patterns.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    22 views17 pages

    Equipment Design and Drawing: SASTRA Deemed To Be University

    Uploaded by

    Madhu
    The document discusses shell and tube heat exchangers. It describes that shell and tube heat exchangers consist of tubes bundled together inside a cylindrical shell, with one fluid flowing inside the tubes and another fluid flowing outside around the tubes. The document outlines key advantages of shell and tube designs like large surface area, good mechanical layout, and established fabrication techniques. Diagrams and figures from textbooks are included to illustrate tube arrangements, shell types, baffle designs, and triangular versus square tube patterns.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Equipment Design and Drawing

    Lecture 2
    SASTRA Deemed To Be University

    Progress Through
    Progress Through Quality
    Quality
    Heat exchangers

    • A heat exchanger is a device to provide for transfer of internal


    thermal energy (enthalpy) between two or more fluids, between a
    solid surface and a fluid, or between solid particulates and a fluid,
    in thermal contact without external heat and work interactions.

    • Typical applications involve heating or cooling of a fluid stream of


    concern, evaporation or condensation of single or multicomponent
    fluid stream, and heat recovery or heat rejection from a system.

    • In other applications, the objective may be to sterilize, pasteurize,


    fractionate, distill, concentrate, crystallize, or control process fluid.

    9/6/21 Progress Through Quality 2


    Heat exchangers

    • In some heat exchangers, the fluids transferring heat are in direct


    contact.
    • In most heat exchangers, the fluids are separated by a heat transfer
    surface and do not mix. Such exchangers are referred to as direct
    transfer type, or simply recuperators.
    • Common examples of recuperators are Double pipe or concentric pipe
    heat exchanger and shell and tube heat exchanger
    • Double pipe heat exchanger is the simplest type used for heating and
    cooling but provides a lesser heat transfer area ( 10 sq.m)

    9/6/21 Progress Through Quality 3


    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

    • In practical applications the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is the most commonly


    used design.
    • One of the fluids flows in the many parallel tubes which make up a tube bundle.
    • The tube bundle is surrounded by a shell. The second fluid flows around the outside of
    the tubes within this shell.
    • Advantages of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
    – The configuration gives a large surface area in a small volume.
    – Good mechanical layout: a good shape for pressure operation.
    – Uses well-established fabrication techniques.
    – Can be constructed from a wide range of materials
    – Easily cleaned.
    – Well-established design procedures

    9/6/21 Progress Through Quality 4


    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

    • In shell and tube heat exchangers several tubes are parallel packed in
    a tube bundle so that larger heat transfer area is obtained in a limited
    space.
    • They are enclosed in a relatively close fitting cylindrical shell.
    • One fluid flows inside the tubes, the other fluid flows outside the tubes
    in the shell.
    • Baffle plates are located in the shell to increase the velocity of fluid and
    to prevent the sagging of tubes.
    • The tube side fluid flows through the headers and the velocity can be
    changed by the provision of pass partitions in the headers.

    9/6/21 Progress Through Quality 5


    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

    Christie J.Geankoplis-Transport processes and Unit-Operations


    9/6/21 Progress Through Quality 6
    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

    Chemical Process Equipment-Design and


    drawing-Suresh Maidargi

    9/6/21 Progress Through Quality 7


    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

    Chemical Process Equipment-Design and


    drawing-Suresh Maidargi

    9/6/21 Progress Through Quality 8


    Heat Exchangers
    • A photograph of a heat exchanger with the header cover removed is shown below .
    • Note that the pass partition plates, the triangular pitch, and tube plate layout can be seen. The

    flange with bolting holes is welded to the shell. The inlet and outlet can also be seen in the

    header.

    Chemical Process Equipment-Design and


    drawing-Suresh Maidargi

    9/6/21 Progress Through Quality 9


    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

    Chemical Engineering,
    Volume 6, Fourth edition
    Chemical Engineering Design
    Tube arrangements, showing pass-partitions in headers R. K. Sinnott

    9/6/21 Progress Through Quality 10


    Chemical Engineering,
    Volume 6 , Fourth edition
    Shell types (pass arrangements). (a) One-pass shell (E shell)
    Chemical Engineering Design
    (b) Split flow (G shell) (c) Divided flow (J shell) (d) Two-pass
    R. K. Sinnott
    shell with longitudinal baffle (F shell) (e) Double split flow
    (H shell)
    9/6/21 Progress Through Quality 11
    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

    Chemical Engineering,
    Volume 6, Fourth edition
    Chemical Engineering Design
    R. K. Sinnott

    9/6/21 Progress Through Quality 12


    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

    Chemical Engineering,
    Volume 6, Fourth edition
    Chemical Engineering Design
    R. K. Sinnott

    9/6/21 Progress Through Quality 13


    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

    • Specification of baffles (segmental baffle):


    Baffle cut (%)= h/D x 100
    where h is the height of the segment removed
    D is the diameter of the circular metal disc
    % Baffle cut varies from 15 to 45% but normally 25%cut
    baffles are preferred
    • Shell
    Shell inside diameter = Tube bundle diameter+
    clearance
    Tube bundle diameter = f (no of tube, no of tube side
    passes, tube arrangement)

    9/6/21 Progress Through Quality 14


    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

    Shell ID can be found by


    • Actual tube sheet layout and drawing
    • Standard tables
    • Approximate equations
    Tubes
    • Length up to 6m
    • OD of tubes = 5/8 inch to 1 inch (3/4 inch is normally
    preferred)
    • Thickness of tubes based on BWG number ( 16 BWG
    number is commonly used and higher the BWG
    number, lower is the thickness)

    9/6/21 Progress Through Quality 15


    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

    Tube Arrangement
    Chemical Engineering,
    Volume 6, Fourth edition
    Chemical Engineering Design
    R. K. Sinnott

    9/6/21 Progress Through Quality 16


    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

    • The triangular pattern give higher heat-transfer rates, but at the


    expense of a higher pressure drop than the square pattern.
    • A square arrangement is used for heavily fouling fluids, where it is
    necessary to mechanically clean
    • Triangular pitch arrangement is normally used a first trial for design
    calculations

    9/6/21 Progress Through Quality 17

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