Marketing Mix 7P's

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Marketing Mix

7P’s
E. Jerome McCarthy
The 7Ps model was originally devised by E. Jerome
McCarthy and published in 1960 in his book Basic
Marketing. A Managerial Approach. We've created the
graphic below so you can see the key elements of the
7Ps marketing mix.
Marketing MIX
The marketing mix is the combination of elements used by a
business to enable it to meet the needs and expectations of
customers.
It is called a marketing mix because each element of the marketing
mix is related to the others. The challenge for marketing is to ensure
that the elements of the mix work together to achieve the marketing
objectives. Traditionally the marketing mix has been taken to comprise
four elements: (product, price, promotion and place).
However, in recent years it has become more common to add
three new elements to the traditional marketing mix, making a
combined 7p’s. This is the so-called extended marketing
mix.
7 p’s
The 7p's extended marketing mix therefore comprises the following
elements:
Product: the good or service that the customer buys
Price: how much the customer pays for the product
Place: how the product is distributed to the customer
Promotion: how the customer is found & persuaded to buy

People: the people who make contact with customers in delivering the
product

Process: the systems and processes that deliver a product to a customer

Physical: the elements of the physical environment the customer


experiences
A key implication of an extended marketing mix is that the seven elements need to work even
closer together for marketing to be effective.:

E.g. Customer service, HR (recruitment & training) - technology becomes increasingly


important

E.g. role of IT in e-commerce & customer communication - intangible elements such as


branding play an enhanced role

Extending the marketing mix by adding Physical, Process and People to usual 4P’s connects the
marketing function much closer to both human resource management and operations.
Companies can also use the
7Ps model to set objectives,
conduct a SWOT analysis and
undertake competitive
analysis. It's a practical
framework to evaluate an
existing business and work
through appropriate
approaches whilst evaluating
the mix element as shown
below and ask yourself the
● Products/Services: How can you develop your products or services?
● Prices/Fees: How can we change our pricing model?
● Place/Access: What new distribution options are there for customers to
experience our product, e.g. online, in-store, mobile etc.
● Promotion: How can we add to or substitute the combination within paid,
owned and earned media channels?
● Physical Evidence: How we reassure our customers, e.g. impressive
buildings, well-trained staff, great website?
● People: Who are our people and are there skills gaps?
● Partners: Are we seeking new partners and managing existing partners
well?.

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