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    Main and Branch Pipe Sizing

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    Pearl Angelique Causing
    This document discusses methods for sizing main and branch pipes in a plumbing system. It recommends ideal pipe velocities of 4-8 feet per second to avoid erosion and noise issues. Pressure drop per 100 feet of piping should range from 1.7-3.4 psi to ensure adequate pressure at fixtures. Fixture pipes connecting to branches should be sized according to manufacturer recommendations rather than hose sizes. Guidelines are also provided for sizing domestic and commercial overhead water tanks based on water demand calculations.

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    Main and Branch Pipe Sizing

    Uploaded by

    Pearl Angelique Causing
    94 views14 pages
    This document discusses methods for sizing main and branch pipes in a plumbing system. It recommends ideal pipe velocities of 4-8 feet per second to avoid erosion and noise issues. Pressure drop per 100 feet of piping should range from 1.7-3.4 psi to ensure adequate pressure at fixtures. Fixture pipes connecting to branches should be sized according to manufacturer recommendations rather than hose sizes. Guidelines are also provided for sizing domestic and commercial overhead water tanks based on water demand calculations.

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    Pipe-Sizing

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    This document discusses methods for sizing main and branch pipes in a plumbing system. It recommends ideal pipe velocities of 4-8 feet per second to avoid erosion and noise issues. Pressure drop per 100 feet of piping should range from 1.7-3.4 psi to ensure adequate pressure at fixtures. Fixture pipes connecting to branches should be sized according to manufacturer recommendations rather than hose sizes. Guidelines are also provided for sizing domestic and commercial overhead water tanks based on water demand calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    94 views14 pages

    Main and Branch Pipe Sizing

    Uploaded by

    Pearl Angelique Causing
    This document discusses methods for sizing main and branch pipes in a plumbing system. It recommends ideal pipe velocities of 4-8 feet per second to avoid erosion and noise issues. Pressure drop per 100 feet of piping should range from 1.7-3.4 psi to ensure adequate pressure at fixtures. Fixture pipes connecting to branches should be sized according to manufacturer recommendations rather than hose sizes. Guidelines are also provided for sizing domestic and commercial overhead water tanks based on water demand calculations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Main and Branch Pipe Sizing

    Introduction

     It is very difficult to quickly obtain the velocity, water demand, friction loss and
    static pressure losses within a piping system, just to size the plumbing lines. Often
    times, estimates are used to size the main and branch piping.
    Sizing Based on Velocity

     The typical ideal pipe fluid velocities for a domestic water system are between 4
    and 8 feet per second (fps). Less ideal velocities are between 2 and 4 fps and 8 to
    10 fps. At higher velocities, 6 to 10 fps, there will be increased erosion over time
    and noise during operation. At the lower velocities 2 to 6 fps, erosion and noise
    will not be a concern, but there may be a stagnation concern and there will be an
    inefficient use of money.
     The pressure drop through fittings is dependent on the velocity pressure, which is
    dependent on the fluid velocity. At higher velocities, the pressure drop through a
    fitting will be significant and may lead to insufficient pressure at the fixtures.

    V = Q/A

    Where:
    Q = Fluid Discharge
    A = Area of Pipe
    V = Velocity
    Sizing Based on Pressure Drop

     The second method used to size pipes is through an acceptable pressure drop per
    100 feet. The typical values range from 1.7 to 3.4 psi per 100 feet of piping or 4 to
    8 feet of head per 100 feet of piping. Less ideal values range from 1 to 1.7 and 3.4
    to 4 psi per 100 feet of piping. The lower pressure drop range is less ideal because
    it means the piping is oversized. The upper range is less ideal, because it may lead
    to insufficient pressure at the plumbing fixtures.
     The pressure drop is determined through the Hazen-Williams equation. 
    Note: This part of the calculator allows you to pick your preferred range in green and your
    acceptable range on the high side and low side in yellow.
    Fixture Piping Size
     The pipes that directly feed the fixtures. These pipes are the rough-in pipes that
    connect to the branch pipes. Do not get this pipe confused with the fixture
    connection pipe. The fixture manufacturer will indicate the fixture connection
    sizes, but these sizes typically refer to the braided hose sizes and not the rough-in
    pipes. 
    Overhead Water Tank Sizing

     Design of Domestic use Overhead Tank


     Design of Commercial use Overhead Tank
    Domestic use Overhead Tank

     Water required per person per day = 150 litres


     Drinking water = 4litres per person per day

    Sample:
    Let us assume the average family size = 5 persons in the house
    150 x 5 = 750 litres
     Drinking water required:
    4 x 5 = 20 litres
    Total quantity of water required = 750+20 = 770 litres
    Commercial use Overhead Water Tank

     Total water Demand (GPU) x Operating Time

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