HCM 2337 Vector, Vermin and Rodent Control

Vector and rodents control
Evah Maina
Introduction
• Vector-borne infections, diseases caused by
pathogens transmitted by insects and ticks,
have long impacted human affairs
• The Black Death, killer of tens of millions
worldwide is the work of a tiny flea vectoring
the bacilli that cause bubonic plague from rats
to people.
• Vector-borne infections today is responsible
for filling the hospitals of sub-Saharan Africa
with malaria victims,
Vector:Is an insect or any animal that transmits a
disease to other animals or humans. Eg.
Mosquitoes, tsetse, ticks, lice, fleas, etc.
TYPES OF VECTORS
• Mechanical vectors – Transmit pathogens by
transporting them on their feet or mouthparts.
Eg. Housefly
• Biological vectors – These vectors are involved in
the life-cycle of parasite / arbovirus which must
pass through the vector in order to mature to an
effective stage capable of being transmitted to
human or animal host when a vector takes a
blood meal.
Rodents borne diseases
• Rats and mice are responsible for the spread of a
number of diseases
• Directly – by contamination of food, water and air
with their urine and feces
• Indirectly – by way of rodent fleas and mites Direct
Indirect
Rat bite fever Plague
Salmonellosis Scrub typhus
Leptospirosis Murine typhus
Hantavirus Tularemia
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
VECTOR DISEASE CONTROL
vector disease control
Mosquito (Anopheles, Culex, Malaria, Yellow fever Dengue Chemical, personal
Aedes) fever Filariasis protection Vaccination
Vector control Vector
control, drug therapy
Mosquito - Culex West Nile virus No Curative drug treatment
available – vector control
Tsetse fly (Glossina) Sleeping sickness Vector control, drug therapy
Sandfly (Phlebotomus) Leishmaniasis Drug therapy, vector control
Black flies (Simulium) River blindness Drug therapy, vector control
(onchocerciasis)
Fleas (Xenopsylla) Plague Antibiotics, vector control
Lice Relapsing fever Antibiotics, delousing
Reduvid bug Chaga’s Indoor residual spraying or
housing improvements
Ticks Crimean Congo No specific treatment
Mites Typhus Antibiotics, repellents
Vector control strategies
• Chemical control (Adults)
• Space spraying
• Larval control
• Biological control
• Environmental control
• Personal protection
Vector control strategies ctd’
• Environmental management strategies that educe or
eliminate vector breeding grounds altogether through
improved design or operation of water resources
development projects
• Biological controls (e.g. bacterial larvicides and larvivorous
fish) that target and kill vector larvae without generating the
ecological impacts of chemical use
• Chemical methods:
– Use judiciously if other measures are ineffective or not cost-effective
to
• indoor residual sprays
• space spraying
• use of chemical larvicides and adulticides
– These reduce disease transmission by shortening or interrupting the
lifespan of vectors
Biological information required for vectorcontrol
• Investigate or know the following before
deciding on control intervention:
• – Breeding sites
• – Resting sites
• – Transmission
• – Blood source
• – Dispersal range
• – Population dynamics
Intergrated vector management
Characteristics
• Factors influencing local vector biology, disease
transmission and morbidity
• Use of a range of interventions, often
combination and synergistically
• Collaboration within the health sector and other
public private sectors that impact on vectors
• Engaging with local communities and other
stakeholders
• Public health regulatory and legislative
framework
IVM: personal protectionand preventive strategies:
• Combines environmental management & chemical tools for new
synergies
– e.g. insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs).
• Reduced child and infant mortality
– In trials using ITNs in some malaria-endemic African countries
• Supports effective, accessible and affordable disease diagnosis and
treatment within the framework of a multi-disease control approach.
• Requires a multi-sectoral approach to vector-borne disease control.
– E.g., Health Impact Assessments of new water resource infrastructure
development to identify potential impacts on vector-borne disease prior to
major policy decisions so effective action may be taken.
• In some cases has been shown to be:
– cost-effective in terms of disease control
– a potential generator of economic co-benefits in terms of development and
growth
VECTOR DISEASE CONTROL AND NUISANCE
COTROL
DISEASE CONTROL: The control of a vector-
borne disease can be achieved by various
means. In emergencies, these include, in order
of priority:
1. Diagnosis and treatment.
2. Vector control.
3. Environmental hygiene.
4. Personal protection.
NUISANCE CONTROL
In emergencies, nuisance control will not be the
most important priority, so targeted applications
of pesticides will seldom be justified. The
measures to be taken should aim at medium-
and longer-term environmental improvement, in
the following order of priority:
1. Identification of the causative agent.
2. Environmental hygiene.
3. Personal protection.
THANK YOU
QUESTIONS

HCM 2337 Vector, Vermin and Rodent Control

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

HCM 2337 Vector, Vermin and Rodent Control

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

HCM 2337 Vector, Vermin and Rodent Control

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Vector and rodents control

You might also like