TI0965-TI0966 DOBLATGE: Introduction To Dubbing: Practical and Professional Issues

ITINERARI D’ESPECIALITAT:
TRADUCCIÓ AUDIOVISUAL
TI0965-TI0966 DOBLATGE
L1. Introduction to dubbing:

Practical and professional issues
Prof. Frederic Chaume

Overview
• (1) Dubbing as one of the main AVT types
– Definitions & examples
• (1) Brief introduction to dubbing
– A bit of history
– The dubbing landscape
• (1 & 2) Professional & methodological aspects
– The dubbing industry
– The dubbing process
– Professional aspects – prospects
– Dubbing software
TYPES OF AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION
Spoken output (SL) >

Written output (TL)
Subtitling
AVT
Spoken output (SL) >
Revoicing Spoken output (TL)
Types of AVT: Revoicing
The original soundtrack is totally
replaced by a new one in the TL and
the target viewer can no longer hear the
Revoicing original exchanges
- Lip synch dubbing
The translation is overlapped and

- Voice-over
the original spoken dialogue is still
- Interpreting
audible in the background
- Free commentary
(es, en)
Díaz Cintas and Orero (2010: 41)
Dubbing: a definition
Dubbing is a type of Audiovisual Translation [...]

consisting of a replacement of the original track of a
film containing the source language dialogs, for another
track on which translated dialogs in the target language
are recorded (Chaume 2006: 6)
Not only films & series…

- Cartoons are dubbed all over the world
- Adverts, infomercials (dubbing, subtitling, voice-over, new ads)
- Videogames (dubbing + subtitling + localisation)
Fiction is not always rendered through dubbing/subtitling
- Russian dubbing (partial dubbing), voice-over
Amateurs also dub their own clips
-Fandubs (comics: scanlations)
A BIT OF HISTORY
• AVT HISTORY = HISTORY OF CINEMA

– 22/03/1895: first film projection
• SILENT CINEMA
– Titles: first attempt to integrate words into images
– Titles need to be translated to reach a foreign
The Circus (1928)
audience: intertitles
Source: Chaume (2004)

A BIT OF HISTORY II
• THE TALKIES: The first sound films
• 1927, The Jazz Singer: first talkie (part talkie + intertitles)
• 1928, The Lights of New York (first talkie)
• Until 1930: two versions: talkie + silent version
• First reactions: rejection
– Actors: exaggerated performance
– Directors: destruction of artistic representation + end of universal
Esperanto  images
– Others: foreign viewers will accept English as a world language
(Louis B. Mayer)
– Viewers: “This “visual Esperanto” of silence was swiftly eradicated
with the advent of talkies. As if formerly not aware that they had
been consuming import goods, audiences were suddenly
indignant at hearing “their” film stars speak in tongues unknown”
(Whitman 1992: 12) Source: Chaume (2004)
A BIT OF HISTORY III
• Multilingual or double versions

Criticism:
– Cultural noise: strange behaviour and gestures
– Economic reasons: more expensive than dubbing and subtitling
• Dubbing comes into scene
– 1929: First dubbing: Río Rita (Spanish, German & French)
– First dubbed movies: poor quality
– Edwin Hopking: technical improvements (post-synchronization)
– Consolidation of dubbing as the preferred type of AVT in some
countries
The dubbing map
Where is dubbing predominant?

AVT modes on cinema screens
in Europe
http://mediadeskpoland.eu/upload/PP_Comite_media_280708_FINAL.pdf
AVT modes on TV in Europe
http://mediadeskpoland.eu/upload/PP_Comite_media_280708_FINAL.pdf
Jugando a Traducir
Europe
o Changing landscape
o Greece: TV series and soap operas are dubbed
o Norway and Denmark: teen pics been dubbed
o Russia: incorporating dubbing
o Poland: incorporating subtitling in cinemas
o Dubbing countries: MTV is introducing voice-over
into fiction programmes
The Americas
o USA
o Subtitling
o Dubbing to export their films abroad
o Canada
o Subtitling in English-speaking regions
o Dubbing in Quebec
o Latin America
oDubbing on TV
oSubtitling in cinemas
Asia
o Dubbing countries (mixed modes)
o Iran, Japan, China (into Mandarin Chinese),
Vietnam, Philippines, India, Pakistan, Thailand
o Dubbing and subtitling at the same time

(different target languages)
o Korea (dubbing on TV)
o Indonesia and Malaysia
THE MARKET - Dubbing companies work for:
• TV stations
• Cable and digital broadcasting channels
• DVD, Blu-Ray
• Cinema How many products are dubbed?
In house vs. foreign production
• Film festivals and clubs
• Streaming services (Video On Demand – VoD)
Exercise 1:
-Carry out an Internet search. Find at least 3 dubbing/recording
studios in your country.
- Check if the studios you found are included in the list of dubbing
and subtitling companies provided at www.trama.uji.es
TV Channels: Negative pick-up
Example: Spanish TV stations
• TVE 1 (public national TV station) 22.6%

• ANTENA 3 (private) 37.1%
• TELE 5 (private) 25.74%
• TVE 2 (public ) 25.2%
• Cuatro (private) 31.6%
• La Sexta (private) 30.35%
• CANAL + (private) 62.66%
• TV3 (1st Catalan public TV station) 16.3%
• Canal 33/ K33 (2nd Catalan) 44.9%
• Canal 9 (1st Valencian public TV station) 47.5%
TV Channels: Negative pick-up
Example: Spanish TV
Exercise 2 (To be completed before next session):

Find the percentage of negative pick-up in one TV station in
your country:
1) Choose one TV station;
2) Surf the web and find its listings;
3) Choose one week and
4) Find the percentage of negative pick-up vs. in-house
production

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ITINERARI D’ESPECIALITAT:

L1. Introduction to dubbing:

Prof. Frederic Chaume

Spoken output (SL) >

- Lip synch dubbing

The translation is overlapped and

Dubbing is a type of Audiovisual Translation [...]

Not only films & series…

• AVT HISTORY = HISTORY OF CINEMA

Source: Chaume (2004)

• Multilingual or double versions

Where is dubbing predominant?

o Dubbing and subtitling at the same time

• TVE 1 (public national TV station) 22.6%

Exercise 2 (To be completed before next session):

Source: Chaume (2012)

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