Global System For Mobile (GSM) Is A Second Generation Cellular Standard Developed To Cater Voice Services and Data Delivery Using Digital Modulation

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GSM

What is GSM ?

Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second


generation cellular standard developed to cater
voice services and data delivery using digital
modulation
GSM: History
• Developed by Group Spéciale Mobile (founded 1982) which was
an initiative of CEPT ( Conference of European Post and
Telecommunication )
• Aim : to replace the incompatible analog system
• Under ETSI, GSM is named as “ Global System for Mobile
communication “
GSM ARCHITECTURE
GSM System Architecture-I
Mobile Station (MS)
Mobile Equipment (ME)
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Base Station Controller (BSC)
Network Switching Subsystem(NSS)
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
Home Location Register (HLR)
Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Authentication Center (AUC)
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
System Architecture - Mobile Station (MS)

The Mobile Station is made up of two entities:

1. Mobile Equipment (ME)


2. Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
System Architecture-Mobile Station (MS)

Mobile Equipment:

Portable,vehicle mounted, hand held device


Uniquely identified by an IMEI (International Mobile Equipment
Identity)
Voice and data transmission
Monitoring power and signal quality of surrounding cells for
optimum handover
System Architecture-
Mobile Station (MS) contd.
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

Smart card contains the International Mobile Subscriber Identity


(IMSI)
Allows user to send and receive calls and receive other subscribed
services
Encoded network identification details
- Key Ki,Kc and A3,A5 and A8 algorithms
Protected by a password or PIN
Can be moved from phone to phone – contains key information to
activate the phone
System Architecture-
Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

The Base Station Subsystem (BSS)


All radio-related functions are performed in the BSS, which
consists of
 Base station controllers (BSCs)
 Base transceiver stations (BTSs).
System Architecture-
Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

Base Transceiver Station (BTS):

The BTS handles the radio interface to the mobile station.

Comprises of radio transmitters and receivers, antennas

Channel coding and decoding


System Architecture-
Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
Base Station Controller (BSC):

A group of BTSs are connected to a particular BSC


Manages Radio resources for BTS
Assigns Frequency and time slots for all MS’s in its area
Primary function is call maintenance.
The MSs send a report to BSC every 480ms
Initiates call handovers to other cells.
Change of BTS transmitter power
Network Switching Subsystem(NSS)

Mobile Switching Center (MSC)

Acts like a standard exchange in a fixed network

Main functions are – registration, authentication, location updating


and call routing to a roaming subscriber.

The signaling between registers of NSS uses Signaling System7(SS7).

GMSC
System Architecture
Network Switching Subsystem
Home Location Registers (HLR)

- Database used for management of mobile subscribers


-contains IMSI, MSISDN, current VLR address.
-The information is used to determine the location of each

mobile station

Visitor Location Registers (VLR)

-Temporary database which updates whenever new MS


enters its area, by HLR database
-Controls those mobiles roaming in its area

-Database contains IMSI,TMSI,MSISDN, Location Area,

authentication key
System Architecture
Network Switching Subsystem
Authentication Center (AUC)
-Protects against intruders in air interface
-Maintains authentication keys and algorithms

-Generally associated with HLR

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)


-Database that contains a list of all valid MSs within a network
(each MS is identified by IMEI).
-White List: for all known ,good IMEIs

-Black List: for bad or stolen handsets

-Gray List: for handsets/IMEIs that are uncertain.


GSM Specifications-1

GSM 900:
• GSM 900 operates at 900MHz frequency.
• Up link operates on 890MHz to 915MHz Band.
• Down link operates on 935MHz to 960MHz Band.
• Uplink /Downlink separation: 45 MHz.
• GSM takes advantages of both FDMA & TDMA.
• In 25MHz BW, 124 carriers are generated with channel
spacing of 200KHz(FDMA)
• Each carrier is divided into 8 time slots (TDMA)
GSM Operation
Speech Speech

Speech coding Speech decoding

Channel Coding Channel decoding

Interleaving De-interleaving

Burst Formatting Burst Formatting

Ciphering De-ciphering

Radio Interface
Modulation Demodulation
SIM 300 GSM MODEM
SIM 300 GSM MODEM

1:Tri-band GSM(900/1800/1900) OR GPRS multi-


slot Class 10
2: 40x33x2.85mm
3: Sleep mode(about 2.5mA)
4: Embedded TCP/IP with transparent mode
5: Auto Bauding
6: Over-temperature automatic shutdown
7: SIM card detection function

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