Unit – I

Chapter - I
Understanding Java EE
Java EE Origin
Sun Microsystems, together with one of its partner
IBM, designed Java EE to define a multi-tier
architecture for developing Enterprise Information
Systems (EIS) to answer the needs from various
industries.
Goals:
i. To reduce the cost and complexity of development.
ii. To allow Java EE applications to be rapidly
deployed and easily enhanced.

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Challenges of Enterprise Applications
Developments
To develop customizable solutions, developers need to adapt
as quickly as possible to the changing business environment.
An important role is also played by the actions of the
management of a company that needs enterprise applications,
in particular a systematic approach and focus on growth and
development.
1. The need for quick adaptation
2. More strict security requirements
3. Processing and storage of large amounts of data
4. Integration with other systems
5. Need for quality post-release support
6. Lack of skills in the development team

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Enterprise Applications (EA)
EA is a software solution that provide business logic
and tools to model entire business processes for
organizations to improve productivity and efficiency.

It is a big business application. In today’s corporate

environment, EA are complex , scalable, distributed ,
component based and mission critical.
They may be deployed on a variety of platforms.
They are data centric, user friendly etc.
In short, they are highly complex systems.

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Architecture of Enterprise Applications
Java EE uses a multi tiered
distributed application model.
This means application logic is
divided into components
according to function.
EA divided into following tiers:
 Client tier services on the client
machine.
 Web Tier services run on the
server.
 Business tier services run on
the server.
 Enterprise Information System
tier software run on EIS server.

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What is Java Enterprise Edition?

Java technology is both a programming language and a platform.

The Java is a high level object-oriented language.
It has a particular syntax and style.
There are several Java platforms.

There are four platforms of the

Java programming language:
•Java Platform, Standard
Edition (Java SE)
•Java Platform, Enterprise
Edition (Java EE)
•Java Platform, Micro
Edition (Java ME)
•JavaFX

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Java EE ... cont 2

All Java platforms consist of a Java Virtual Machine (VM) and an application
programming interface (API).

Java
JVM API
Prog.

What is JVM? is a program, for a particular hardware and software platform, that runs
Java technology applications.

What is API? is a collection of software components that you can use to create other
software components or applications.

Hence both JVM and API allows applications written for that platform to run on any
compatible system with all the advantages of the Java programming language:
platform-independence,
power,
stability,
ease-of-development,
security.

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Java EE ... cont 3

Java SE
Java SE API provides the core functionality of the Java
programming language.
It defines everything from the basic types and objects of
the Java programming language to high-level classes that
are used for networking, security, database access,
graphical user interface (GUI) development, and XML
parsing.
In addition to the core API, the Java SE platform consists
of a virtual machine, development tools, deployment
technologies, and other class libraries and toolkits
commonly used in Java technology applications.

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Java EE ... Cont 4

Java EE
The Java EE platform is built on top of the Java SE platform.
The Java EE platform provides an API and runtime environment for
developing and running large-scale, multi-tiered, scalable, reliable, and
secure network applications.
Java ME
The Java ME (Micro Edition) is a Java platform provides an API and a
small-footprint virtual machine for running Java programming language
applications on small devices, like mobile phones and other embedded
systems. Java ME is one of the most ubiquitous mobile platform in the
world.

Java ME runs on a wide range of feature phones, smartphones, pocket

PCs, PDAs, set-top boxes and even printers. Java ME theoretically
employs the Java mantra of write-once-run-anywhere, which means that
code written for one device can run on all similar devices.

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Java EE ... Cont 5

JavaFX
JavaFX is a platform for creating rich internet
applications using a lightweight user-interface API.
JavaFX applications use hardware-accelerated graphics
and media engines to take advantage of higher-
performance clients and a modern look-and-feel as
well as high-level APIs for connecting to networked
data sources.

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Enterprise Applications Technologies
Enterprise Java Beans (EJB) :
EJB is used to develop scalable , robust and secure enterprise applications in
Java. EJB is a server –side software components uses the client / server
model.

Java Persistent API (JPA):

It is a collection of classes and methods to persistently store the vast
amounts of data into a database. Persistence means storing the copy of
database object into a temporary memory. The JPA is a Java technology
standards based solution for persistence. Persistence uses an object
relational mapping (ORM) approach to bridge the gap between an object
oriented model and a relational database. JPA consists :
1. JPA
2. Query language
3. ORM

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Enterprise Applications Technologies … cont 2
Java Transaction API (JTA):
It is used to handle transaction like commit and rollback in database after
each operations such as reading , writing is performed.

Java Message Service(JMS):

It allows EE application to create, send , receive and read messages.
Messaging is a method of communication between software components or
applications. A messaging system is a peer-to-peer facility. A messaging
client can send messages to, and receive messages from, any other client.
Each client connects to a messaging agent that provides facilities for
creating, sending, receiving, and reading messages.

Java EE Connector Architecture:

It provides solution to the problem of connectivity between the many
application servers and today’s EIS.

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Enterprise Applications Technologies … cont 3
Java Mail API:
The JavaMail is an API that is use to send email notification.
The API has 2 parts :
• An application level interface- use by application components to send email
• An Service Provider Interface: - it implement the particular email protocols,
such as SMTP.

Several service providers are included with JavaMail API.

In short,
the JavaMail API provides protocol-independent and platform-independent
framework for sending and receiving mails.

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Java EE Evolutions

The Java Platform, EE has undergone several changes since 1.0 as well as numerous addition of
new specification.
The original J2EE specification was developed by Sun Microsystems.
Starting with J2EE 1.3 , the specification was developed under the Java Community Process (JCP).
Java Specification Requests (JSR) specifies J2EE 1.3
JSR Specification Requests (JSR) specifies J2EE 1.4

The J2EE 1.3 SDK was first released by Sun as a beta in April 2001.
The J2EE 1.4 SDK was released by Sun in December 2002.
The Java EE 5 specification was developed under JSR and the final release was made on 11 th May
2006.
Java EE includes several API specifications, such as JDBC, RMI, e-mail, JMS, web services , XML
etc. And it defines how to coordinate .
Java EE also features some specifications unique to Java EE for components. These include EJB,
servlets, JSP and several web technologies.

Note: JSRs are Java Specification Requests, basically change requests for the Java language,
libraries and other components.

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Java EE Evolutions .. Cont 2

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