IT 6256 – IT

APPLICATION
TOOLS IN BUSINESS
Jamel D. Pandiin – ACLC_OLC
COURSE DESCRIPTION
◦ The goal of this course is to present overview of IT tools used in day to day use of computers and data base operations. The Course has
been designed to provide knowledge on various hardware and software components of computer, operating system, various packages used
for different applications, data base concepts & operations and various issues related to IT and application of IT.
◦ COURSE OBJECTIVES
◦ At the end of the course the students will be able to: -
◦ Acquire the foundation level knowledge required to understand computer and its operations.
◦ Understand the hardware and software components of the computer.
◦ Understand the basic concept of operating system and get knowledge about various different operating systems.
◦ Understand to use the packages of word processing, spread sheet and presentation in detail.
◦ Understand various data base concepts and operations.
◦ Understand the issues related to IT and IT applications.
◦ A computer is an electronic
device, operating under the
control of instructions stored
in its own memory that can
accept data (input), process the
data according to specified
rules, produce information
(output), and store the
information for future use
Functionalities of a computer

◦ Any digital computer carries out five functions in gross terms:

◦  Takes data as input.
◦  Stores the data/instructions in its memory and use them when required
◦  Processes the data and converts it into useful information
◦  Generates the output
◦  Controls all the above four steps.
 COMPUTER
APPRECIATION
IT-6256 IT Application Tools in Business
Computer Components
◦ Any kind of computers consists of
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE.
Hardware:
◦ Computer hardware is the collection of
physical elements that constitutes a computer
system. Computer hardware refers to the
physical parts or components of a computer
such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard,
computer data storage, hard drive disk
(HDD), system unit (graphic cards, sound
cards, memory, motherboard and chips), etc.
all of which are physical objects that can be
touched
 Input Devices
◦ Input device is any peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment to provide data and control signals to an information processing
system such as a computer or other information appliance.
◦ Input device Translate data from form that humans understand to one that the computer can work with. Most common are keyboard
and mouse
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
◦ A CPU is brain of a
computer. It is responsible for
all functions and processes.
Regarding computing power, Located
the CPU is the most
important element of a
computer system.
 Primary Memory:- ( RAM )

◦ RAM: Random Access Memory (RAM) is a memory

scheme within the computer system responsible for storing
data on a temporary basis, so that it can be promptly
accessed by the processor as and when needed. It is volatile
Located
in nature, which means that data will be erased once supply
to the storage device is turned off. RAM stores data
randomly and the processor accesses these data randomly
from the RAM storage. RAM is considered "random access"
because you can access any memory cell directly if you
know the row and column that intersect at that cell.
Primary Memory:- ( ROM )

◦ (Read Only Memory): ROM is a

permanent form of storage. ROM
stays active regardless of whether
power supply to it is turned on or off.
ROM devices do not allow data
stored on them to be modified.
Secondary Memory:-

◦ Stores data and programs

permanently :its retained
after the power is turned
off
Secondary Memory:- (Hard drive (HD):)

◦ A hard disk is part of a unit, often

called a "disk drive," "hard drive,"
or "hard disk drive," that store and
provides relatively quick access to
large amounts of data on an
electromagnetically charged surface
or set of surfaces.
 Secondary Memory:-
Optical Disk:(ODD)
◦ an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light as part of
the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs. Some
drives can only read from discs, but recent drives are commonly both
readers and recorders, also called burners or writers. Compact discs,
DVDs, and Blu-ray discs are common types of optical media which can
be read and recorded by such drives. Optical drive is the generic name;
drives are usually described as "CD" "DVD", or "Bluray", followed by
"drive", "writer", etc. There are three main types of optical media: CD,
DVD, and Blu-ray disc. CDs can store up to 700 megabytes (MB) of data
and DVDs can store up to 8.4 GB of data. Blu-ray discs, which are the
newest type of optical media, can store up to 50 GB of data. This storage
capacity is a clear advantage over the floppy disk storage media (a
magnetic media), which only has a capacity of 1.44 MB.
Secondary Memory:-
Flash Disk
◦ A storage module made of
flash memory chips. A Flash
disks have no mechanical
platters or access arms, but the
term "disk" is used because the
data are accessed as if they
were on a hard drive. The disk
storage structure is emulated.
Comparison (RAM, Hard drive, ROM)
Output devices
◦ An output device is any piece
of computer hardware
equipment used to
communicate the results of data
processing carried out by an
information processing system
(such as a computer) which
converts the electronically
generated information into
human-readable form.
 Software
◦ Software is a generic term for
organized collections of
computer data and instructions,
often broken into two major
categories: system software that
provides the basic non-task-
specific functions of the
computer, and application
software which is used by users
to accomplish specific tasks.
 Software Types – ( System software )
◦ is responsible for controlling, integrating, and
managing the individual hardware components of a
computer system so that other software and the users
of the system see it as a functional unit without
having to be concerned with the low-level details
such as transferring data from memory to disk, or
rendering text onto a display. Generally, system
software consists of an operating system and some
fundamental utilities such as disk formatters, file
managers, display managers, text editors, user
authentication (login) and management tools, and
networking and device control software.
Software Types – (Application software)
◦ is used to accomplish specific tasks other than just running
the computer system. Application software may consist of
a single program, such as an image viewer; a small
collection of programs (often called a software package)
that work closely together to accomplish a task, such as a
spreadsheet or text processing system; a larger collection
(often called a software suite) of related but independent
programs and packages that have a common user interface
or shared data format, such as Microsoft Office, which
consists of closely integrated word processor, spreadsheet,
database, etc.; or a software system, such as a database
management system, which is a collection of fundamental
programs that may provide some service to a variety of
other independent applications.
Comparison (System and Application Software
Unit of Measurements
(Storage measurements)
◦ The basic unit used in computer data storage is called
a bit (binary digit). Computers use these little bits,
which are composed of ones and zeros, to do things
and talk to other computers. All your files, for
◦ Size example
instance, are kept in the computer as binary files and
translated into words and pictures by the software ◦  1 bit - answer to an yes/no question
(which is also ones and zeros). This two number ◦  1 byte - a number from 0 to 255.
system, is called a “binary number system” since it
◦  90 bytes: enough to store a typical line of text from a book.
has only two numbers in it. The decimal number
system in contrast has ten unique digits, zero through ◦  4 KB: about one page of text.
nine. ◦  120 KB: the text of a typical pocket book.
◦  3 MB - a three minute song (128k bitrate)
◦  650-900 MB - an CD-ROM
◦  1 GB -114 minutes of uncompressed CD-quality audio at
1.4 Mbit/s
◦  8-16 GB - size of a normal flash drive
Computers classification

◦ The speed of Central

Processing Unit (CPU) is
measured by Hertz (Hz),
Which represent a CPU
cycle. The speed of CPU is
known as Computer Speed.
Computer Classification

◦ Computers can be generally

classified by size and
power as follows, though
there is Considerable
overlap:
Personal computer:

◦ A small, single-user computer based

on a microprocessor. In addition to
the microprocessor, a personal
computer has a keyboard for entering
data, a monitor for displaying
information, and a storage device for
saving data.
Workstation:

◦ A powerful, single-user
computer. A workstation
is like a personal
computer, but it has a
more powerful
microprocessor and a
higher-quality monitor.
Minicomputer

◦ A multi-user computer
capable of supporting from 10
to hundreds of users
simultaneously.
 Mainframe:

◦ A powerful multi-user computer

capable of supporting many hundreds
or thousands of users simultaneously.
Supercomputer:

◦ An extremely fast computer

that can perform hundreds
of millions of instructions
per second.
Laptop
A laptop is a battery or AC-powered personal
computer that can be easily carried and used
in a variety of locations. Many laptops are
designed to have all of the functionality of a
desktop computer, which means they can
generally run the same software and open the
same types of files. However, some laptops,
such as netbooks, sacrifice some functionality
in order to be even more portable.
Netbook
A netbook is a type of laptop that is
designed to be even more portable.
Netbooks are often cheaper than laptops
or desktops. They are generally less
powerful than other types of computers,
but they provide enough power for email
and internet access, which is where the
name "netbook" comes from the same
things you can do with a desktop or
laptop computer. These include tablet
computers, e-readers, and smartphones.
Mobile Device:
A mobile device is basically any
handheld computer. It is designed
to be extremely portable, often
fitting in the palm of your hand or
in your pocket. Some mobile
devices are more powerful, and
they allow you to do many of
Tablet Computers:
Like laptops, tablet computers are designed to
be portable. However, they provide a very
different computing experience. The most
obvious difference is that tablet computers don't
have keyboards or touchpads. Instead, the entire
screen is touch-sensitive, allowing you to type
on a virtual keyboard and use your finger as a
mouse pointer. Tablet computers are mostly
designed for consuming media, and they are
optimized for tasks like web browsing,
watching videos, reading e-books, and playing
games.
Smartphones:
A smartphone is a powerful mobile
phone that is designed to run a variety
of applications in addition to phone
service. They are basically small tablet
computers, and they can be used for
web browsing, watching videos, reading
e-books, playing games and more.
 END
IT-6256 IT Application Tools in Business