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    Chapter 16 Solutions PPT Grade 7

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    Tiffanie Mae Paredes
    The document discusses solutions, which are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances. A solution contains a solute, which is the substance being dissolved, and a solvent, which dissolves the solute. The concentration of a solution refers to the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent. Factors like temperature, particle size, shaking, and polarity can affect the solubility and concentration of solutions. Mass percent is used to express the concentration of solid solutes dissolved in solutions.

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    Chapter 16 Solutions PPT Grade 7

    Uploaded by

    Tiffanie Mae Paredes
    1K views17 pages
    The document discusses solutions, which are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances. A solution contains a solute, which is the substance being dissolved, and a solvent, which dissolves the solute. The concentration of a solution refers to the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent. Factors like temperature, particle size, shaking, and polarity can affect the solubility and concentration of solutions. Mass percent is used to express the concentration of solid solutes dissolved in solutions.

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    Chapter 16 Solutions ppt grade 7

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    The document discusses solutions, which are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances. A solution contains a solute, which is the substance being dissolved, and a solvent, which dissolves the solute. The concentration of a solution refers to the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent. Factors like temperature, particle size, shaking, and polarity can affect the solubility and concentration of solutions. Mass percent is used to express the concentration of solid solutes dissolved in solutions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    1K views17 pages

    Chapter 16 Solutions PPT Grade 7

    Uploaded by

    Tiffanie Mae Paredes
    The document discusses solutions, which are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances. A solution contains a solute, which is the substance being dissolved, and a solvent, which dissolves the solute. The concentration of a solution refers to the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent. Factors like temperature, particle size, shaking, and polarity can affect the solubility and concentration of solutions. Mass percent is used to express the concentration of solid solutes dissolved in solutions.

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    Solutions

    Solution
    • Solution: a mixture of two or more substances
    that is identical throughout (homogeneous)
    • can be physically separated Salt water is
    • composed of solutes and solvents considered a
    solution. How can it
    be physically
    separated?
    the substance being dissolved
    the substance that dissolves the solute

    Iced Tea Mix Iced Tea Water


    (solute) (solution) (solvent)
    Solution
    • The solute is the substance that dissolves
    and the solvent is the substance in which the
    solute is dissolved.

    S OL V E N T
    S OL U T E
    Concentration
    • the amount of solute dissolved in a
    solvent at a given temperature
    • described as dilute if it has
    a low concentration of solute
    dissolved

    • described as concentrated
    if it has a high concentration
    of solute dissolved
    Concentration
    • Unsaturated - has a less than the
    maximum concentration of solute
    dissolved

    • Saturated - has the maximum


    concentration of solute dissolved
    (can see solid in bottom of
    solution)

    • Supersaturated -contains more


    dissolved solute than normally
    possible (usually requires an
    increase in temperature followed
    by cooling)
    Solubility
    • the amount of solute that
    dissolves in a certain amount of a
    solvent at a given temperature
    and pressure to produce a
    saturated solution
    Factors affecting solubility of solids
    Temperaturee Shaking

    increased temperature causes


    solids to dissolve faster
    Shaking (agitation) causes
    solids to dissolve faster
    Particle Sizee

    Smaller particles dissolve


    Faster because they have
    more surface area

    Note: Increasing the amount of solute


    DOES NOT increase the rate of dissolving
    • Miscible liquids can easily dissolve in one
    another.
    • Immiscible liquids are not soluble in
    each other.

    Chemistry-Borders
    Polarity and Dissolving
    • Chemists use the saying
    “like dissolves like”:
    Polar solutes tend to
    dissolve in polar solvents.
    Nonpolar solutes tend to
    dissolve in nonpolar
    solvents.

    Oil is nonpolar while water is


    polar. They are immiscible.
    Solubility Curves
    Generally, the
    solubility of solid
    solutes in liquid
    solvents increases
    with increasing
    temperature.
    Using Solubility Curves
    What is the solubility of
    NaNO3 in 100 g of H2O at
    0°C? 73g NaNO
    3

    How many grams of KNO3


    will dissolve in 200g of
    H2O at 45°C?
    75g = ?
    100g H2O 200g H2O
    = 150 g KNO3

    How much water is needed to


    dissolve 190g of NaNO3 at
    30°C?
    95g = 190g
    100g H2O ? g H2O
    = 200 g H2O
    Mass Percent

    Chemistry-Borders IPC-Solutions-Borders
    Mass Percent
    • Solutions can also be represented as percent
    of solute in a specific mass of solution.
    • For a solid dissolved in water, you use percent
    by mass which is Mass Percent.

    • % by mass = mass solute x 100


    mass of solution

    **Mass of solution = solute mass + solvent mass


    Example 1
    • If a solution that has a mass of 800.0
    grams contains 20.0 grams of NaCl,
    what is the concentration using Percent
    by Mass?
    % by mass = mass solute x 100
    mass of solution

    % by mass = 20.0g NaCl x 100


    800.0g solution
    = 2.50% NaCl
    Example 2
    • If 10.0 grams of NaCl is dissolved in
    90.0 grams of water, what is the
    concentration using Percent by Mass?

    % by mass = mass solute x 100


    mass of solution 

    % by mass = 10.0g NaCl x 100 = 10.0%NaCl


    100.0g solution 
    Example 3
    • How many grams of sodium bromide are
    in 200.0g of solution that is 15.0%
    sodium bromide by mass?

    % by mass = mass solute x 100


    mass of solution 

    % by mass = ? g NaBr x 100 = 15.0%NaBr


    200.0g solution 

    g NaBr = 200.0 x 15.0 = 30 g NaBr


    100

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