Basic

Measures
for First Aid
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 IN
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Open the Airway
aperi airway

• Once the casualty is in position for rescue

breathing, open the casualty's airway using
either the head-tilt/chin-lift method or the jaw
thrust method. Sometimes an unconscious
casualty who is not breathing or breathing in a
weak manner will resume normal respiration
when his head is positioned correctly and his
airway is opened. This is especially true if the
casualty's tongue is blocking the airway. The
tongue is the most common cause of airway
obstruction in unconscious casualties.
Repositioning (lifting) the lower jaw forward lifts
the tongue away from the back of the throat and
unblocks the airway. Establishing an airway
should take between 3 and 5 seconds.

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Open the Airway
aperi airway
NOTE: An unconscious casualty does not "swallow
his tongue." The muscles of the tongue simply
relax and slide to a lower position which results in
the pharynx being blocked.)

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 Open the Airway
aperi airway

a. Head-Tilt/Chin-Lift Method. The head-tilt/chin-lift (figure

3-2) is the preferred method of opening the casualty's
airway if a neck fracture is not suspected. In addition,
loose dentures can be handled easier using the head-
tilt/chin-lift method.

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Open the Airway
aperi airway

(1) Kneel at the side of the casualty's head or shoulders.

 
(2) Place your hand (the hand closest to the casualty's head) on his forehead.
 
(3) Apply firm, backward pressure with the palm of your hand. This pressure will cause
the casualty's head to tilt back.
 
(4) Place the fingertips of your other hand under the bony part of his chin, not on the
soft flesh under his chin. Pressing on the soft flesh under the chin could result in
blocking his airway.
 
(5) Lift his chin with your fingertips. Continue to lift the lower jaw until his upper and
lower teeth are almost brought together. The mouth should not be closed as this could
prevent air from entering the casualty's airway.

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Open the Airway
aperi airway

. Jaw-thrust Method. The jaw-thrust (figure 3-3) is the

preferred method of establishing an airway if you suspect
that the casualty has a fractured neck. The jaw-thrust
method moves the casualty's tongue forward (away from
the airway) without extending his neck.
 

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Open the Airway
aperi airway

. 1) Kneel behind the casualty's head.

(2) Rest your elbows on the surface on which the casualty
is lying.
(3) Place one hand on each side of the casualty's head.
(4) Place the tips of your index and middle fingers under
the angles of the casualty's jaw. (This is done on both
sides of the casualty's jaw.)
(5) Place your thumbs on the casualty's jaw just below the
level of the teeth. The thumbs will keep the casualty's
head from turning or tilting during the lift.

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Open the Airway
aperi airway

(6) Lift the jaw upward with your fingertips. The mouth
should
. not be closed as this could prevent air from
entering the casualty's airway. Use your thumb to retract
the casualty's lower lip if needed.

(7) If the lift does not open his airway (tongue is still
blocking the airway), lift the jaw up a little further. If this is
unsuccessful, tilt the casualty's head backward very
slightly. In accordance with (IAW) American Heart
Association (AHA) guidelines 2005, if you are unable to
obtain an airway with the jaw-thrust method, the head-
tilt/chin-lift method should be used. The importance of
maintaining a patent airway outweighs the risk of spinal
damage.
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Hypothesis
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Comparison
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Charts and Graphs

$2Bn

20YY 20YY

Data A Data B Data C

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Charts and Graphs 1

2 2
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4.3 4.5
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Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

Data A Data B Data C

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Charts and Graphs 2
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 ES
KY TUN
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Launch

IN
BOFF

Thank
You
Jens Martensson
jens@bellowscollege.com
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