Career Guidance: Group Members: Bibin George Anju Philip Vidya T Mohan Bimal Antony Griffy Denny

Career Guidance
Group Members:
Bibin George
Anju Philip
Vidya T Mohan
Bimal Antony
Griffy Denny
Definition
Career guidance refers to services and activities intended to assist

individuals of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make
educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their
careers. Such services may be found in schools, universities and colleges,
in training institutions, in public employment services, in the workplace,
in the voluntary or community sector and in the private sector. The
activities may take place on an individual or group basis and may be face-
face or at a distance (including help lines and web based services). They
include career information provision (in print, ICT-based and other
forms), assessment and self-assessment tools, counselling interviews,
career education programmes (to help individuals develop their self
awareness, opportunity awareness, and career management skills), taster
programmes (to sample options before choosing them), work search
programmes, and transition services.
- European Commission and the World Bank.
Career Guidance Theories
Matching Theories (Trait/factor)
Developmental theory
Theory of occupational allocation (Opportunity structure)
Learning theory of careers choice & counselling
Community interaction theory

Matching Theories (Trait/factor)
The approach assume that guidance is essentially about a
process of rational decision making in which clients are
assessed by the ‘expert practitioner’ and then matched to the
‘best fit’ opportunity. It follows that the provision of
information about the client and the world of work will result
in behaviour change (e.g. improved decision making skills).
Developmental theory
The process of helping a person to develop and accept an integrated
and adequate picture of themselves and of their role in the world of
work. A central concept is that people develop through stages over
their lifetime.
• The general principles underlying developmental approaches to

careers guidance are that:
• individual development is a continuous process;
• the developmental process is irreversible;
• these processes can be differentiated into patterns called stages
in the life span;
• and that the result of normal development is increasing maturity
Theory of occupational allocation
(Opportunity structure)
Apart from a privileged minority of the population individuals are
(more or less) constrained in their choice of occupations by social
variables that are outside their control e.g. gender, ethnicity and social
class.
The ‘opportunity structure’ model was first proposed by Roberts (1968,
p176) as an alternative to theories of career development advanced by
Ginzberg and Super.
• The determinants of occupational choice identified are:
• the home;
• the environment;
• the school;
• peer groups;
• job opportunities.
Learning theory of careers choice &
counselling
This theory focuses on teaching clients career decision-making
alternatives and makes use of the concept of the `triadic reciprocal
interaction’ (learning as the interaction with environment and
genetic endowment) and emphasises the role of instrumental &
associative learning. Consequently, key concepts/tools for the
practitioner are reinforcement and modelling.
The application of this theory to practice involves the practitioner

attempting to identify and correct any incorrect beliefs held by the
client about the decision making process.
Learning theory of careers choice &
counselling Contd…
It was developed to address the questions:
● why people enter particular educational course or jobs;

● why they may change direction during their lives;
● why they may express various preferences for different
activities at different points in their lives.
Community interaction theory
According to this theory, the most significant factors in occupational
choice are the interpersonal transactions conducted in local settings.
Steps in Career Guidance
 Find out about yourself
 Boosting Your Self-Esteem

 Personal Development plans
 A different identity card
 I am
 Decision Making
 Personal skills and qualities
 Activity concerning setting goals and professional values
Steps in Career Guidance Contd...
 Know about Job Market
 De – stereotyping job titles

 Key skills in different jobs
 Marketable and not marketable professions
Steps in Career Guidance Contd...
 Develop yourself for your Career Path
 Writing tips and advice - CV & Covering Letter

 Communication Skills
 Presentation Skills
Challenges in Career Guidance
 Getting People Involved

 Lack of Qualified Trainers
 Peer group Influence
References:
Report on Effective Career Guidence (2008). Socrates Comenius
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Career Guidance

Career guidance refers to services and activities intended to assist

Matching Theories (Trait/factor)

Theory of occupational allocation (Opportunity structure)

Learning theory of careers choice & counselling

Community interaction theory

• The general principles underlying developmental approaches to

The application of this theory to practice involves the practitioner

It was developed to address the questions:

● why people enter particular educational course or jobs;

 Boosting Your Self-Esteem

 De – stereotyping job titles

 Writing tips and advice - CV & Covering Letter

 Getting People Involved

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