MMBC - Sem 7 B.arch

EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURES
Earth Retaining Structure are those designed and constructed to withstand lateral pressure of soil or hold
back soil materials. The lateral pressure could be also due to earth filling, liquid pressure, sand, and other
granular materials behind the retaining structure. There are various types of retaining structures which are
used for numerous goals
1. Gravity Retaining Wall
2. Crib Retaining Wall
3. Gabion Retaining Walls
4. Cantilever Retaining Wall
5. Counter-fort / Buttressed Retaining Wall
6. Anchored Retaining Wall
7. Piled Retaining Wall
8. Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Retaining wall
9. Hybrid System
Gravity Retaining wall Crib Retaining wall
1.Gravity retaining wall depends on its self weight only to resist lateral earth 1. Crib retaining walls are a form of gravity wall.
pressure. 2. They are constructed of interlocking individual boxes made from timber or pre-
2. Commonly, gravity retaining wall is massive because it requires significant cast concrete.
gravity load to counter act soil pressure. 3.Then, the boxes are filled with crushed stone or other coarse granular materials
3.Sliding, overturning, and bearing forces shall be taken into consideration to create a free draining structure.
while this type of retaining wall structure is designed. 4. Basic types of crib retaining walls include reinforced precast, and timber
4.It can be constructed from different materials such as concrete, stone, and retaining walls.
masonry units. 5.It is suited to support planter areas, but it is not recommended for support of
5. It is economical for a height up to 3m. slopes or structures.
6. Crib retaining wall, gabions, and bin retaining wall are also type of gravity
retaining walls
Timber crib retaining wall
Materials used for gravity

retaining wall construction
Gravity retaining wall
Crib retaining wall
Pressure acting on crib retaining wall

Pressure acting on gravity retaining wall
Gabion Retaining wall Cantilever Retaining wall
1.Gabion retaining wall walls are multi-celled, rectangular wire 1. Cantilever retaining wall composed of stem and base slab
mesh boxes, which are filled with rocks or other suitable materials. 2. It is constructed from reinforced concrete, precast concrete, or prestress
2. It is employed for construction of erosion control structures. concrete.
3.It is also used to stabilize steep slopes 3. Cantilever retaining wall is the most common type used as retaining walls.
4. Cantilever retaining wall is either constructed on site or prefabricated offsite
i.e. precast.
5. The portion of the base slab beneath backfill material is termed as heel, and
the other part is called toe.
6. Cantilever retaining wall is economical up to height of 10m.
7. It requires smaller quantity of concrete compare with gravity wall but its
design and construction shall be executed carefully.
8. Similar to gravity wall, sliding, overturning, and bearing pressure shall be taken
Tapered Gabion retaining wall into consideration during its design.
Gabion retaining wall
Design of cantilever retaining wall
Cantilever retaining
Pressure acting on Gabion retaining wall wall
Counter-fort/ Buttressed Anchored Retaining wall
Retaining wall 1.This type of retaining wall is employed when the space is limited or thin
retaining wall is required.
2.Anchored retaining wall is suitable for loose soil over rocks.
1.It is a cantilever retaining wall but strengthened with 3. Considerably high retaining wall can be constructed using this type of retaining
counter forts monolithic with the back of the wall slab wall structure system.
and base slab. 4. deep cable rods or wires are driven deep sideways into the earth, then the
2. Counter fort spacing is equal or slightly larger than half ends are filled with concrete to provide anchor.
of the counter-fort height. 5. Anchors (tiebacks) acts against overturning and sliding pressure
3. Counter-fort wall height ranges from 8-12m
Different configurations of
anchoring
Counter-fort retaining wall
Anchored retaining wall

Piled Retaining wall Mechanically stabilized Earth(MSE)
Pile retaining wall are constructed by driving reinforced concrete
piles adjacent to each other as shown in the Fig.
Retaining wall
It is among the most economical and most commonly constructed
2. Piles are forced into a depth that is sufficient to counter the force retaining walls.
which tries to push over the wall. 2. Mechanically stabilized earth retaining wall is supported by
3. It is employed in both temporary and permanent works. selected fills (granular) and held together by reinforcements, which
4. Piled walls offer high stiffness retaining elements which are able can be either metallic strips or plastic meshes
to hold lateral pressure in large excavation depths with almost no 3. Types of MSE retaining wall include panel, concrete block, and
disturbance to surrounding structures or properties. temporary earth retaining walls
5. Sheet pile walls are built using steel sheets into a slope or
excavations up to a required depth, but it cannot withstand very
high pressure
6. Sheet pile retaining wall economical till height of 6m
MSE retaining wall

Pile retaining wall
Sheet pile retaining wall

Hybrid System
Retaining walls that use both mass and reinforcement for stability are termed as
Hybrid or Composite retaining wall systems
Hybrid retaining wall

RCC RETAINING WALL REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
REINFORCED RETAINING WALL

MMBC - Sem 7 B.arch

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EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURES

Timber crib retaining wall

Materials used for gravity

Crib retaining wall

Pressure acting on crib retaining wall

Gabion retaining wall

Design of cantilever retaining wall

Anchored retaining wall

MSE retaining wall

Sheet pile retaining wall

Hybrid retaining wall

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