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    Lesson P6 Rational Expressions

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    Bruce Shen
    The document discusses rational expressions including finding the domain of a rational expression by factoring the denominator and setting each factor equal to zero, simplifying rational expressions by factoring and canceling common factors, and performing operations like multiplication, division, addition and subtraction on rational expressions including using the least common denominator when denominators are different.

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    Lesson P6 Rational Expressions

    Uploaded by

    Bruce Shen
    85 views17 pages
    The document discusses rational expressions including finding the domain of a rational expression by factoring the denominator and setting each factor equal to zero, simplifying rational expressions by factoring and canceling common factors, and performing operations like multiplication, division, addition and subtraction on rational expressions including using the least common denominator when denominators are different.

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    The document discusses rational expressions including finding the domain of a rational expression by factoring the denominator and setting each factor equal to zero, simplifying rational expressions by factoring and canceling common factors, and performing operations like multiplication, division, addition and subtraction on rational expressions including using the least common denominator when denominators are different.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    85 views17 pages

    Lesson P6 Rational Expressions

    Uploaded by

    Bruce Shen
    The document discusses rational expressions including finding the domain of a rational expression by factoring the denominator and setting each factor equal to zero, simplifying rational expressions by factoring and canceling common factors, and performing operations like multiplication, division, addition and subtraction on rational expressions including using the least common denominator when denominators are different.

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    Objectives:

    P.6: Rational Expressions


    Rational Expressions
    • A rational expression is the quotient of
    two polynomials. The set of real numbers
    for which an algebraic expression is
    defined is the domain of the expression.
    Because rational expressions indicate
    division and division by zero is undefined,
    we must exclude numbers from a
    rational expression’s domain that make
    the denominator zero.
    Example: Excluding Numbers from the
    • Find all the numbers that must be excluded
    Domain
    from the domain of the rational expression:
    7x
    .
    x  5 x  14
    2

    • To determine the numbers that must be


    excluded from the domain, examine the
    denominator.x 2  5 x  14  ( x  7)( x  2)

    • We set each factor equal to zero to find the


    excluded values.
    ( x  7)  0  x  7 (x + 2) =0 ® x =- 2
    Example: Excluding Numbers from the Domain
    (continued)
    7x
    • For the rational expression x 2  5 x  14

    • the values that must be excluded from the


    domain are x  7
    and x  2.
    • These excluded numbers are often written
    to the right of a rational expression:
    7x
    , x  7, x  2.
    x  5 x  14
    2
    Simplifying Rational Expressions
    • A rational expression is simplified if its
    numerator and denominator have no
    common factors other than 1 or –1. The
    following procedure can be used to simplify
    rational expressions:
    1.Factor the numerator and the denominator
    completely.
    2.Divide both the numerator and the
    denominator by any common factors.
    Example: Simplifying Rational Expressions

    Example 1 simplify:

    x2  1
    .
    x  2x  1
    2
    Multiplying Rational Expressions
    Multiplying Rational Expressions

    1. Factor all numerators and denominators


    completely.
    2. Divide numerators and denominators by
    common factors.
    3. Multiply the remaining factors in the
    numerators and multiply the remaining factors in
    the denominators.
    Example: Multiplying Rational Expressions
    Example 2
    2
    x +3 x - x - 6
    Multiply: 2
    i 2 .
    x - 4 x + 6x + 9
    Dividing Rational Expressions
    Dividing Rational Expressions
    The quotient of two rational expressions is
    the product of the first expression and the
    multiplicative inverse, or reciprocal, of the
    second expression. The reciprocal is found
    by interchanging the numerator and the
    denominator. Thus, we find the quotient of
    two rational expressions by inverting the
    divisor and multiplying.
    Example: Dividing Rational Expressions
    Example 3

    Divide: x2  2x  1 x2  x  2
     .
    x x
    3
    3x  3
    2
    Adding and Subtracting Rational
    To add or subtract
    Expressions with therational expressions with
    Same Denominator
    the same denominator:
    •1. Add or subtract the numerators.
    •2. Place this result over the common
    denominator.
    •3. Simplify, if possible.

    •Reminder: check for excluded values.


    Example: Subtracting Rational Expressions
    with the Same Denominator

    Example 4

    x 3x  2
    Subtract:  .
    x 1 x 1
    Finding the Least Common Denominator
    Adding and Subtracting with Different
    (LCD)
    Denominators
    1. Factor each denominator completely.
    2. List the factors of the first denominator.
    3. Add to the list in step 2 any factors of the
    second denominator that do not appear in the list.
    4. Form the product of the factors from the list in
    step 3. This product is the least common
    denominator (LCD).
    Example: Subtracting Rational Expressions
    with Different Denominators
    Example 5

    Subtract: x x4
     .
    x  10 x  25 2 x  10
    2
    Complex Rational Expressions
    Complex rational expressions, also called
    complex fractions, have numerators or
    denominators containing one or more
    rational expressions. A complex fraction
    must be simplified so that neither the
    numerator nor the denominator contains any
    rational expressions.
    Example: Simplifying a Complex Rational
    Example
    Expression

    1 1

    Simplify: x  7 x .
    7
    Example: Simplifying a Complex Rational
    Expression
    (continued)
    Homework:
    P-6-i: Pg. 83 1-25 odd

    P-6-ii: Pg. 83 33-41 odd, 59-79 odd

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