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    Separation and Classification of Solids

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    althea aquino
    This document discusses separation and classification of solids. It describes different techniques used to separate homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, including distillation, crystallization, screening and magnetic separation. It also discusses various classification techniques for sorting particles by size, including mechanical classifiers that use moving parts and non-mechanical classifiers that rely on fluid drag. Finally, it provides details on specific classification methods for dry particles using air, such as elutriation and fluidized beds, as well as wet classification techniques using liquids, including sedimentation, hydraulic separation and hydrocyclones.

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    Separation and Classification of Solids

    Uploaded by

    althea aquino
    43 views23 pages
    This document discusses separation and classification of solids. It describes different techniques used to separate homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, including distillation, crystallization, screening and magnetic separation. It also discusses various classification techniques for sorting particles by size, including mechanical classifiers that use moving parts and non-mechanical classifiers that rely on fluid drag. Finally, it provides details on specific classification methods for dry particles using air, such as elutriation and fluidized beds, as well as wet classification techniques using liquids, including sedimentation, hydraulic separation and hydrocyclones.

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    Separation-and-Classification-of-Solids

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    This document discusses separation and classification of solids. It describes different techniques used to separate homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, including distillation, crystallization, screening and magnetic separation. It also discusses various classification techniques for sorting particles by size, including mechanical classifiers that use moving parts and non-mechanical classifiers that rely on fluid drag. Finally, it provides details on specific classification methods for dry particles using air, such as elutriation and fluidized beds, as well as wet classification techniques using liquids, including sedimentation, hydraulic separation and hydrocyclones.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    43 views23 pages

    Separation and Classification of Solids

    Uploaded by

    althea aquino
    This document discusses separation and classification of solids. It describes different techniques used to separate homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, including distillation, crystallization, screening and magnetic separation. It also discusses various classification techniques for sorting particles by size, including mechanical classifiers that use moving parts and non-mechanical classifiers that rely on fluid drag. Finally, it provides details on specific classification methods for dry particles using air, such as elutriation and fluidized beds, as well as wet classification techniques using liquids, including sedimentation, hydraulic separation and hydrocyclones.

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    You are on page 1of 23

    SEPARATION AND

    CLASSIFICATION OF
    SOLIDS
    Separation of solids

    ■ Techniques used to separate one material from the other is called


    separation.
    ■ Separations are extremely common in chemical manufacture.
    ■ Types of Separation:
    – Diffusional separation is used for separating homogeneous mixtures.
    Includes distillation, crystallization and absorption.
    – Mechanical separation is used for separating heterogeneous
    mixtures. Includes screening and classifying.
    SEPARATION
    TECHNIQUES
    Sieve

    Sieves, or sifters, are devices


    for separating wanted
    elements from unwanted
    material or for characterizing
    the particle size distribution
    of a sample.
    Mechanical
    screening

    Mechanical screening, often


    just called screening, is the
    practice of taking granulated
    ore material and separating it
    into multiple grades by
    particle size.
    Magnetic
    separation

    Magnetic separation is the


    process in which
    magnetically susceptible
    material is extracted from a
    mixture using magnetic force.
    Leaching

    Leaching is the process of


    extracting substances from a
    solid by dissolving them in a
    liquid.
    Classification of solids

    ■ Particle classification is a method of sorting an initial distribution of


    particles to achieve a desired degree of uniformity, according to a chosen
    parameter.
    ■ It is an important unit process in many industries and finds demanding
    applications in mineral processes, pharmaceutical, and toner or powder
    paint industries.
    Classification techniques
    ■ According to medium of suspension
    – Wet classifiers use liquids as medium of suspension.
    – Dry classifiers use gases as medium of suspension.
    ■ According to mode of transport
    – Mechanical classifiers incorporate moving parts which influences
    the motion of particles.
    – Non-mechanical classifiers use fluid drag only to separate particles.
    ■ According to forces exerted
    – Gravitational classifiers are generally used to separate very large
    particles and are mostly seen as a pre-treatment stage.
    – Centrifugal classifiers offer the advantage of obtaining fine cut sizes
    due to high partition power.
    DRY CLASSIFICATION
    Classification
    by elutriation

    Elutriation is a process of
    washing fines by air while
    allowing the coarse product
    settling.
    Fluidised bed
    classifier

    The particles to be classified


    are continuously fed into the
    fluidised bed where gas
    supply is divided into two
    regions of different gas
    velocity.
    Cross-flow
    classifier

    Cross-flow classifiers are


    designed so that the direction
    of airflows is perpendicular
    to gravity.
    Cascade
    classifier

    The zigzag classifiers consist


    of several inclined branch
    pipes vertically arranged to
    form a zigzag separation
    zone.
    Inertial air
    classifier

    The fine particles are carried


    by air and discharged from an
    outlet set on the sidewall. The
    coarse particles proceed
    straight down by inertia and
    collected bellow.
    Vortex air
    classifier

    The first industrial design


    which separates particles at
    size cut about 10 μm. De-
    agglomeration occurs during
    classification which leads to
    good dispersion of the raw
    materials in airflow.
    Rotating
    wheel
    classifier
    Rotating wheel classifiers use
    rotating blades to create the
    air vortex or the centrifugal
    field.
    Circulating air
    classifier

    Circulating air classifiers are


    widely used in cement
    industry. It has generally
    complex interior geometry.
    Click icon to add picture

    Electrostatic
    classifier

    Electrostatic classification is
    a process by which aerosol
    particles are fractionated
    according to their electrical
    mobility.
    WET
    CLASSIFICATION
    Click icon to add picture

    Sedimenta-
    tion classifier

    These are mostly used in


    separating coarse particles
    from a mixture. A typical
    classifier consists of a sloping
    elongated round-bottom tank
    and a sand-raking spiral.
    Hydraulic
    classifier

    Hydraulic classifiers differ


    from sedimentation
    classifiers in that particle
    settling directions are in
    opposite to fluid movement.
    Hydro-
    cyclones

    Hydrocyclones consist of a
    top cylindrical section and a
    lower conical section.
    Centrifugal effects push
    coarse particles away and
    fine particles remain in the
    fluid stream.

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