Percent Composition and Chemical Formula

10.
3 Percent Composition and > The Percent Composition of a

Chemical Formulas Compound
GUESS THE
WORD
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© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
10.3 Percent Composition and > The Percent Composition of a
CPENRET
SOIICOPTOM
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ILIPARECM
FURLMAO
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EMACRLUOL
RUFAMOL
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Percent Composition and >
Chemical Formulas
OBJECTIVES
Calculate the percent composition
of a compound from its formula;
Calculate the empirical formula
from the percent composition of a
compound; and
Calculate molecular formula given
molar mass.
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10.3 Percent Composition and Chemical
Formulas
It helps to know the percents of

the components in a shirt
because they affect how warm it
is, whether it will need to be
ironed, and how it should be
cleaned. You will learn how the
percents of the elements in a
compound are important in
chemistry.
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The Percent Composition of a Compound
How do you calculate the percent by

mass of an element in a compound?
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The percent by mass of an element in a

compound is the number of grams of the
element divided by the mass in grams of
the compound, multiplied by 100%.
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Percent Composition from Mass Data
The relative amounts of the elements in a

compound are expressed as the percent
composition or the percent by mass of each
element in the compound.
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.9
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.9
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.9
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Practice Problems for Sample Problem 10.9
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Molar Mass
Molar mass (symbolize by M with a unit symbol g/mol) is

the mass in grams or kilograms of 1 mole of units
(atoms, molecules or other particles) of a substance.
The molar mass of an element is numerically equal to

the atomic mass of that element in atomic mass unit.
The molar mass of a compound is the sum of the molar

masses of all atoms in the formula unit, each taken as
many times as the atom is used
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Molar Mass
1.Find the molar mass of the element Hydrogen.

H = 1.0008 g/mol
2. Find the molar of the compound H2O
H = 1.008 g/mol X 2 = 2.016 g/mol
O = 16.00 g/mol
H + O = 2.016 g/mol + 16.00 g/mol = 18.016 g/mol
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Molar Mass
1.Find the molar mass of H2SO4
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Percent Composition from the Chemical

Formula
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.10
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Percent Composition as a Conversion Factor
You can use percent composition to

calculate the number of grams of any element
in a specific mass of a compound.
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Propane (C3H8) is 81.8% carbon and 18%

hydrogen. You can calculate the mass of
carbon and the mass of hydrogen in an 82.0 g
sample of C3H8.
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10.3 Percent Composition and > Empirical Formulas
Chemical Formulas
Empirical Formulas
What does the empirical formula of a

compound show?
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Chemical Formulas
The empirical formula gives the lowest

whole-number ratio of the atoms of the
elements in a compound.
The empirical formula of a compound

shows the smallest whole-number ratio
of the atoms in the compound.
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Chemical Formulas
Ethyne (C2H2) is a gas

used in welder’s torches.
Styrene (C8H8) is used in
making polystyrene.
These two compounds of

carbon have the same
empirical formula (CH) but
different molecular formulas.
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10.3 Percent Composition and > Molecular Formulas
Chemical Formulas
Molecular Formulas
How does the molecular formula of a

compound compare with the empirical
formula?
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Chemical Formulas
The molecular formula of a compound is

either the same as its experimentally
determined empirical formula, or it is a
simple whole-number multiple of its
empirical formula.
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Chemical Formulas
Methanal, ethanoic acid,

and glucose all have the
same empirical formula—
CH2O.
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Chemical Formulas
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10.3 Section Quiz.
Assess students’ understanding

of the concepts in Section 10.3.
Continue to: Launch:

-or-
Section Quiz
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10.3 Section Quiz.
1. Calculate the percent by mass of carbon in cadaverine,

C5H14N2, a compound present in rotting meat.
a. 67.4% C
b. 58.8% C
c. 51.7% C
d. 68.2% C
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10.3 Section Quiz.
2. Which of the following is NOT an empirical

formula?
a. NO2
b. H2N
c. CH
d. C3H6
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10.3 Section Quiz.
3. Determine the molecular formula of a compound

that contains 40.0 percent C, 6.71 percent H, and
53.29 percent O and has a molar mass of 60.05 g.
a. C2H4O2
b. CH2O
c. C2H3O
d. C2H4O
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10.

3 Percent Composition and > The Percent Composition of a

It helps to know the percents of

The Percent Composition of a Compound

How do you calculate the percent by

The percent by mass of an element in a

Percent Composition from Mass Data

The relative amounts of the elements in a

Molar mass (symbolize by M with a unit symbol g/mol) is

The molar mass of an element is numerically equal to

The molar mass of a compound is the sum of the molar

1.Find the molar mass of the element Hydrogen.

2. Find the molar of the compound H2O

H = 1.008 g/mol X 2 = 2.016 g/mol

H + O = 2.016 g/mol + 16.00 g/mol = 18.016 g/mol

1.Find the molar mass of H2SO4

Percent Composition from the Chemical

Percent Composition as a Conversion Factor

You can use percent composition to

Propane (C3H8) is 81.8% carbon and 18%

What does the empirical formula of a

The empirical formula gives the lowest

The empirical formula of a compound

Ethyne (C2H2) is a gas

These two compounds of

How does the molecular formula of a

The molecular formula of a compound is

Methanal, ethanoic acid,

Assess students’ understanding

Continue to: Launch:

1. Calculate the percent by mass of carbon in cadaverine,

2. Which of the following is NOT an empirical

3. Determine the molecular formula of a compound

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