Soal Cerita 3

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PELATIHAN MEMO

20 JULI 2021
WORD PROBLEM PERCENTAGE

• One day, Jane and Alice went to a store to buy a dress. They are so excited upon finding
out that their favourite dress brand gave the following discount on that thay :
• 50% plus 20%
• If the dress of this brand costs Rp 400.000, how much do they need to pay?

• 50% + 20% of 50% = 50% + 20/100 x 50% = 50% + 10% =60%


• 40% x 400.000 = 40/100 x 400.000 = 160.000
• Mary drove from A to B. She took 2 h to complete ¼ of the journey.
She drove the remaining 252 km in 3 h. Find the average speed for
the whole journey!

2h

3 units = 252 km
1 unit = 84 km
4 units = 336 km
Average speed = s / t = 336 : 5 = 67,2 km/h
• John and Paul started jogging at constant speeds from their houses in opposite
directions.
• John jogged at a speed of 100 m/min. At the end of 20 minutes, they were
3800 m apart. Find Paul’s jogging speed in m/min.
1 min = 100 m
20 min = 2000 m
20 min = 3800 – 2000 = 1800
1 min = 90 m
Paul’s speed = 90 m/min
• Machine A took 1 h 15 min to produce some toys. Machine B took 1 h 30 minutes to produce the same
number of toys. Machine B produce 10 fewer toys per minute.
• How many toys did Machine A produce per minute?

1 h 15 min = 75 min
1 h 30 min = 90 min
A x 75 = (A-10) x 90
75 A = 90 A – 900
900 = 90 A – 75 A
900 = 15 A
A = 60
• Town A and Town B are 450 km apart. A van travels at a constant speed of 80 km/h from
Town A to Town B. At the same time, a lorry travels at a constant speed of 70 km/h from
Town B to Town A. How far would the van have travelled when they meet?

S = 450 km
V van = 80 km/h
V lorry = 70 km/h
Total speed = 80 + 70 = 150 km/h
Time = s /v = 450 / 150 = 3 h
S van = t x v = 3 h x 80 km/h = 240 km
• John and Paul were playing cards. At first, the ratio of the number of cards John had to the number of cards
Paul had was 5 : 9.
• After Paul lost 60 cards to John, they had the same number of cards.
• How many cards did both of them have together?
• How many cards did Paul had at first?
• How many cards did John had at first? 2 units = 60
1 unit = 30
Altogether = 14 units = 14 x 30 = 420
Paul had at first = 9 units x 30 = 270
John had at first = 5 units x 30 = 150

60
• There are some chickens and cows in a farm. The ratio of the total
number of chicken legs to the total number of cow legs in the farm
is 2 : 9. Find the smallest possible number of chickens in the farm!

Chicken legs : cows legs


2 : 9
8 : 36

4 chickens
WORD PROBLEM

• In a school, 5/6 of the pupils are girls. If there are 480 more
girls than boys, how many pupils are there together?
4 units = 480
1 unit = 120
6 units = 6 x 120 = 720

480
• Bob sold 1/3 of his fishballs in the afternoon and 2/5 of the
remainder in the evening. If he had 150 fishballs left, find the
number of fishballs he had at first!

• 3 units = 150
• 1 unit = 150 : 3 = 50
sold
• 2 parts = 250
• 1 part = 125
• 3 parts = 125 x 3 = 375
150
• There are some passengers in a bus at first. At the first bus stop, 2/3 of the
passengers alighted and 20 passengers boarded the bus. At the second bus
stop, ½ of the passengers alighted and 14 passengers boarded the bus. As a
result, there were 30 passengers left in the bus. How many passengers were
there in the bus at first?

30 – 14 = 16
20

14
16 x 2 = 32
32 – 20 = 12
30 12 x 3 = 36
WORD PROBLEM

• Sammy spent ¼ of his money in the first week and 1/8 of it in the second week. If he
spent $60 altogether, how much money did he have at first?

¼ + 1/8 = 2/8 + 1/8 = 3/8


3/8 = $ 60
60
3 units = 60
1 unit = 20
8 units = 8 x 20 = 160
• Mrs Wong had $320. She spent ¼ of it on a bag and 1/6 of
the remainder on a dress. How much did Mrs Wong left?

320 1 part = 320 : 4 = 80


2 units = 80
1 unit = 80 : 2 = 40
Dress = 1 unit = 40
Left = 5 units x 40 = 200
• Jane and Molly had $128. After Jane had spent ¼ of her money and
Molly spent $37 on a dress, they had the same amount of money left.
Who had more money at first? How much more?

128 – 37 = 91
128 91 : 7 = 13
37
Jane = 4 units = 4 x 13 = 52
Molly = (3 units x 13) + 37 =76
Molly = 76 – 52 = 24
• Nella and Mary had 192 beads. After Nella gave 1/5 of her beads to Mary, they
had the same number of beads. How many beads did each have at first?

192 : 8 = 24
Nella = 5 units = 5 x 24 = 120
Mary = 3 units = 3 x 24 = 72
• Marry allowance is ¾ of Yati’s. Harry’s allowance is 2/3 of
Mary’s. If Yati allowance is $48, what is Harry’s allowance?

1 unit Yati = 48 : 4 = 12
Mary = 3 units = 3 x 12 = 36
Harry = 2 units = 2 x 12 = 24
• A ballpoint pen costs 8 times as much as an exercise book. John spent 2/5 of
his money on exercise books and 1/3 of the remainder on 3 ballpoint pens.
How many exercise books did he buy?
• 1 unit pink = 3 pens
• 2 unit purple = some books = 6 pens
• 1 pens = 8 books
• 6 pens = 6 x 8 = 48
WORD PROBLEM

• A book contained some buttons. ¼ of them were black, 1/8 of them were red and the rest
were white. There were 48 more white buttons than red buttons. How many buttons were
there altogether?

• 4 unit = 48
• 1 unit = 12
• 8 units = 8 x 12 = 96
• 48
WORD PROBLEM

• Mrs Lim has 4 m of cloth. She wishes to make bags each needing 2/3 m. How many bags
can she make?

• 4 : 2/3 = 4 x 3/2 = 6
WORD PROBLEM

• Maggie had $960. She spent ¼ of it on a mountain bike and 1/8 on bicycle clothing and
accessories. She saved the rest of the money.
• What fraction of her money did she spend altogether? How much money did she save?

• ¼ + 1/8 = 2/8 + 1/8 = 3/8


• 960 x 5/8 = 600
• Andy lived in Town X and Bernard lived in Town Y. They started jogging at 6 a.m from their homes towards
each other in a straight path and met for breakfast. Andy jogged at a speed of 100 m/min while Bernard jogged
at a speed of 150 m/min. If Town X was 3 km from Town Y, how far had Andy jogged before they met each
other?

S = 3 km = 3000 m
V A = 100 m/min
V B = 150 m/min
V A + V B = 250 m/min
T = s / v = 3000 / 250 = 12 min
Andy = t x v = 12 min x 100 m/min = 1200 m
• Mr Lim cycled at a speed of 20 km/h for 1/5 of the journey and drove the
remaining 160 km at a speed of 80 km/h. Find his average speed for the whole
journey.
4 units = 160 km
1 units = 160 : 4 = 40 km
S 1 = 40 km
V 1 = 20 km/h

20km/h t 1 = s / v = 40: 20 = 2 hours


S 2= 160 km
V 2= 80 km/h
160 km
T 2= s / v = 160 : 80 = 2 hours
Average speed = s / t = 200 : 4 = 50 km/h
• How many bricks are needed for the 7th blocks?
• What is the ratio of the area of pattern 1 to pattern 10?

Block 1 Block 2 Block 3

• 7 x 7 = 49
• 1 : 100
WHAT IS MY NUMBER

• I am thinking of a number. I subtract 3, multiply by 2 and add 5. The answer is


19. What is my number?
• I am thinking of a number. I multiply by 2 and add 5 and the answer is 19.
What is my number?
• A x 2 + 5 = 19 • (B-3)x2 +5=19
• (19 – 5) : 2 = 7 • (19-5): 2 + 3 = 10
• A= 7 • B = 10
• 1 kg of sugar cost $5. After a week, the price of 1 kg of sugar became $6
• By how many percent did the original price of sugar change?

Change = $ 1
% change = 1/ 5 x 100% = 20% rise
• John’s mass was 60 kg
• After 3 months of dieting, his mass became 51 kg.
• By how many percent did John’s original mass change?

Change = 60 – 51 = 9 kg
%change = 9/60 x 100 = 15% decrease
• On week 1, the height of a mango sprout was 10 cm. On week 2, the height
of the mango sprout became 13 cm.
• By how many percent did the height of the mango sprout change?

Change = 13 – 10 = 3 cm
% change = 3/ 10 x 100% = 30%
• Eunice used 25% of her money to buy a cake. She used 3/5 of the remainder to buy a
purse.
• What percentage of her money was left?
• If she had $260 at first, how much did she pay for the purse?

25% buy cake = 65


3/5 x 75% = 45%
Left = 100% – 25% - 45% = 30%
Left = 75% = 195
Buy purse = 3/5 x 195 = 117
= 3/5 x ¾ x 260 = 117
• Nasir spent 75% of his money on a camera. He spent some of the remainder on a shirt and saved the rest. The
ratio of the amount he spent on a shirt to the amount he saved is 3 : 2.
• What percentage of his money did he save?
• If he spent $450 on camera, how much did he spend on the shirt?

3 + 2 = 5 units
25 % = 5 units
1 unit = 5%
Save = 2 x 5 units = 10%
Shirt = 25% - 10 % = 15%
75% = $450
1% = $6
Shirt = 15% = 15 x 6 = $90
• A school has 1800 pupils. 55% of the pupils are girls. 30% of the girls and 70% of the
boys travel to school by bus. How many students travel to school by bus?

Girls = 55% x 1800 = 990


Boys = 45% x 1800 = 810
Girls on bus = 30% x 990 = 297
Boys on bus = 70% x 810 =567
Total = 297 + 567 = 864
• 20% of the books in the library are fiction books while the rest are non-fiction books.
• When 30% of the fiction books and 15% of the non fiction books were borrowed, there
were 1312 books left in the library. How many books were borrowed?

• 20% fictions
• 80% non fictions
• Fiction borrowed = 30% of 20% = 30/100 x 20% = 6%
• Fiction in NOT borrowed = 20 % - 6 % = 14 %
• Non fiction borrowed = 15% of 80% = 15/100 x 80% = 12%
• Non fiction NOT borrowed = 80% - 12% = 68%
• Total books borrowed = 6% + 12% = 18% = ?
• Total books NOT borrowed = 14% + 68% = 82% = 1312
• 1% = 1312 : 82 = 16
• 18% = 18 x 16 = 288
• There is a total of 920 children attending camp A and camp B. 60% of the children in
camp A and 75% of the children in camp B are boys. The remaining 305 children are
girls. How many students are in camp A?

• Total A + B = 920
• Total boys = 920 – 305 = 615
• 60% A + 75% B = 615
• Algebra elimination
• 0.6A + 0.75B = 615 (semua bagian dibagi 0.6)
• A + B = 920 _
• A + 1.25 B = 1025
• A+ B = 920 _
• 0.25 B = 105
• B = 420
• A = 920 – 420 = 500
• Joe spent 2/5 of his money on games and 3/10 of his money
on food. If he spent $77 altogether, how much money did he
have at first?
2/5 + 3/10 = 4/10 + 3/10 = 7/10
7 units = $ 77
1 unit = $11
10 units = $ 110
• Kumar took 5 days to read a book. He read 1/9 of the book on Saturday, 1/4
of the remainder on Sunday and the remaining 48 pages during the last 3
days. How many pages were there in the book?

6 units = 48 pages
1 unit = 48 : 6 = 8 pages
9 units = 9 x 8 = 72 pages
• A taxi carries at most 4 passengers. Find at least
number of taxis needed to carry 23 passengers!

•23 : 4 = 5 ¾ = 6 taxis
• 11 tootpicks are arranged to show 5 triangles
• Remove 1 tootpick to show 4 triangles
• Remove 2 tootpicks to show 4 triangles
• Remove 2 tootpicks to show 3 triangles
• Remove 3 tootpicks to show 3 triangles
THE FIGURE IS MADE UP OF TWO IDENTICAL
SEMICIRCLES WITH DIAMETER 20 CM. IF ABCD IS A
SQUARE, FIND THE AREA OF THE FIGURE.

A B
• ½ x phi x 10 x 10 = 50 phi cm2
• 10 x 10 = 100 cm2
• Total = 100 + 50 phi cm2
D C
IN THE FIGURE BELOW, THE LENGTH OF THE BIGGER
SQUARE IS 15 CM AND THE LENGTH OF THE SMALLER
SQUARE IS 12 CM. FIND THE AREA OF THE SHADED PART.

• Area rectangle = 27 x 12 : 2= 162 cm2


• Area square = 15 x 12 : 2 = 90 cm2
• 162 – 90 = 72 cm2
• or
• ½ x 12 x 12 = 72 cm2

15 cm 12 cm
FIND THE SUM OF THE ANGLES OF THE STAR BELOW

• (6 x 180) + 360 = 1440


MARK FOLDED A RECTANGULAR PIECE OF
PAPER AS SHOWN BELOW. FIND X
• 180 – 70 = 110

𝑥  0 • 110 : 2 = 55
• 180 – 55 – 90 = 35
• 35 x 2 = 70
0
70
 
• 180 – 70 = 110
THE VASE BELOW IS MADE UP OF A
4 cm
CUBE AND A SQUARE-BASED CUBOID.
2 LITRES OF WATER WAS POURED INTO
THE EMPTY VASE. FIND THE HEIGHT OF
THE WATER
23 cm
2 litre = 2 dm3 = 2000 cm3
Volume cube = 12 x 12 x 12 = 1728 cm3
2000 – 1728 = 272
4 x 4 x A = 272
272 : 16 = 17 12 cm

17 + 12 = 29 cm
• What is the area of the grass in terms of phi?

• ¾ x phi x 4 x 4 = 12 phi
• 4 x 4 – ¼ x phi x 4 x 4 = 16 – 4 phi
grass
8m • 12 phi + 16 – 4 phi = 8 phi + 16

4m

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