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    Rameshwar

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    Bhawesh Kumar Singh
    Ceramic materials are inorganic, non-metallic materials formed through heat-induced chemical reactions and cooling. Ceramics include clay pottery, bricks, tiles, glass, and cermets (ceramic-metal composites). Ceramic materials can be crystalline, with limited processing methods like in situ formation or powder sintering, or non-crystalline glasses formed by casting or blowing molten glass. Important ceramic properties include mechanical strengths, electrical conductivity varying by material and grain boundaries, optical transparency in materials like silicon nitride, and thermal properties like positive temperature coefficients in some semiconducting ceramics.

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    Rameshwar

    Uploaded by

    Bhawesh Kumar Singh
    51 views6 pages
    Ceramic materials are inorganic, non-metallic materials formed through heat-induced chemical reactions and cooling. Ceramics include clay pottery, bricks, tiles, glass, and cermets (ceramic-metal composites). Ceramic materials can be crystalline, with limited processing methods like in situ formation or powder sintering, or non-crystalline glasses formed by casting or blowing molten glass. Important ceramic properties include mechanical strengths, electrical conductivity varying by material and grain boundaries, optical transparency in materials like silicon nitride, and thermal properties like positive temperature coefficients in some semiconducting ceramics.

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    Ceramic materials are inorganic, non-metallic materials formed through heat-induced chemical reactions and cooling. Ceramics include clay pottery, bricks, tiles, glass, and cermets (ceramic-metal composites). Ceramic materials can be crystalline, with limited processing methods like in situ formation or powder sintering, or non-crystalline glasses formed by casting or blowing molten glass. Important ceramic properties include mechanical strengths, electrical conductivity varying by material and grain boundaries, optical transparency in materials like silicon nitride, and thermal properties like positive temperature coefficients in some semiconducting ceramics.

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    51 views6 pages

    Rameshwar

    Uploaded by

    Bhawesh Kumar Singh
    Ceramic materials are inorganic, non-metallic materials formed through heat-induced chemical reactions and cooling. Ceramics include clay pottery, bricks, tiles, glass, and cermets (ceramic-metal composites). Ceramic materials can be crystalline, with limited processing methods like in situ formation or powder sintering, or non-crystalline glasses formed by casting or blowing molten glass. Important ceramic properties include mechanical strengths, electrical conductivity varying by material and grain boundaries, optical transparency in materials like silicon nitride, and thermal properties like positive temperature coefficients in some semiconducting ceramics.

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    INTRODUCTION

    Ceramic materials are inorganic, non-metallic
    materials and things made from them. They may
    be crystalline or partly crystalline. They are formed by
    the action of heat and subsequent cooling. Clay was
    one of the earliest materials used to produce ceramics,
    but many different ceramic materials are now used in
    domestic, industrial and building products.
    Types of ceramic materials
    Crystalline ceramics

    Crystalline ceramic materials are not amenable to a great range of processing. Methods for
    dealing with them tend to fall into one of two categories - either make the ceramic in the
    desired shape, by reaction in situ, or by "forming" powders into the desired shape, and
    then sintering to form a solid body

    Non-crystalline ceramics

    Non-crystalline ceramics, being glasses, tend to be formed from melts. The


    glass is shaped when either fully molten, by casting, or when in a state of
    toffee-like viscosity, by methods such as blowing to a mold. If later heat-
    treatments cause this class to become partly crystalline, the resulting
    material is known as a glass-ceramic.
    Examples of ceramics materials
     The most important ceramic materials were

    Pottery.
    Bricks and tiles.
     Cements .
     Glass. Silicon carbide
     A composite materialof ceramic and metal is known is used for
    as cermet. inner plates of
    ballistic vests
    Earthenware used for domestic ware such as plates and mugs.
    Porcelain is used for a wide range of household and industrial
    products.
    Silicon carbide (SiC) is used as a susceptor in microwave
    furnaces, a commonly used abrasive, and as
    a refractory material.
    Uranium oxide (UO2), used as fuel in nuclear reactors. Porcelain
    high-voltage
    insulator
    Properties of ceramics

    Mechanical properties
    Mechanical properties are important in structural and building materials as well as textile
    fabrics. They include the many properties used to describe the strength of materials such
    as: elasticity / plasticity, tensile strength, compressive strength, shear
    strength, fracturetoughness & ductility (low in brittle materials), and indentation hardness.

    Radial rotor made from The Porsche Carrera


    Cutting disks made of SiC GT's carbon-ceramic
    Si3N4 for a gas turbine
    (silicon carbide) disc
    engine brake
    Electrical properties
    Semiconductors
    Some ceramics are semiconductors . Most of these are transition metaloxides that are II-VI semiconductors, such
    as zinc oxide.
    While there are prospects of mass producting blue LEDs  from  zinc oxide, ceramicists are most interested in the
    electrical properties that show grain boundary effects.
    One of the most widely used of these is the varistor. These are devices that exhibit the property that resistance drops
    sharply at a certain threshold voltage. Semiconducting ceramics are also employed as gas sencor.

    Superconductivity
    Under some conditions, such as extremely low temperature, some ceramics exhibit high
    temperature superconductivity. The exact reason for this is not known, but there are two major
    families of superconducting ceramics.

     Positive thermal coefficient

    Increases in temperature can cause grain boundaries to suddenly become insulating


    in some semiconducting ceramic materials, mostly mixtures of heavy
    metal titanates.

    Si3N4thruster
    Optical properties
    Optically transparent materials focus on the response of a material to incoming lightwaves of a
    range of wavelengths. Frequency selective optical filters can be utilized to alter or enhance the
    brightness and contrast of a digital image. Guided lightwave transmission via frequency
    selective waveguides involves the emerging field of fiber optics and the ability of certain glassy
    compositions as a transmission medium for a range of frequencies simultaneously (multi-mode
    optical fiber) with little or no interference  between competing wavelengths or frequencies.

    Cermax

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