Grade 11 FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

FOURTH INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
 is the ongoing automation of traditional manufacturing and industrial practices, using modern
smart technology.
 Large-scale machine-to-machine communication (M2M) and the internet of things (IoT) are
integrated for increased automation, improved communication and self-monitoring, and
production of smart machines that can analyze and diagnose issues without the need for
human intervention.
FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
 The phrase Fourth Industrial Revolution was first introduced by a team of scientists

developing a high-tech strategy for the German government
 Klaus Schwab, executive chairman of the World Economic Forum (WEF),

introduced the phrase to a wider audience in a 2015 article published by Foreign
Affairs.
 "Mastering the Fourth Industrial Revolution" was the 2016 theme of the World
Economic Forum Annual Meeting, in Davos-Klosters, Switzerland.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND GOALS
 Interconnection
 Information transparency
 Technical assistance
 Decentralized decisions
INTERCONNECTION
 the ability of machines, devices, sensors, and people to connect and communicate
with each other via the Internet of things, or the internet of people (IoP)
INFORMATION TRANSPARENCY
 the transparency afforded by Industry 4.0 technology provides operators with

comprehensive information to make decisions
 Inter-connectivity allows operators to collect immense amounts of data and

information from all points in the manufacturing process, identify key areas that
can benefit from improvement to increase functionality
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
 the technological facility of systems to assist humans in decision-making and

problem-solving, and the ability to help humans with difficult or unsafe tasks
DECENTRALIZED DECISIONS
 the ability of cyber physical systems to make decisions on their own and to
perform their tasks as autonomously as possible. Only in the case of exceptions,
interference, or conflicting goals, are tasks delegated to a higher level
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT
 Proponents of the Fourth Industrial Revolution suggest it is a distinct revolution

rather than simply a prolongation of the Third Industrial Revolution
 This is due to the following characteristics:

 Velocity — exponential speed at which incumbent industries are affected and
displaced
 Scope and systems impact - the large amount of sectors and firms that are affected
 Paradigm shift in technology policy — new policies designed for this new way of
doing are present. An example is Singapore's formal recognition of Industry 4.0 in its
innovation policies.
FOUR COMPONENTS
 Cyber-physical systems
 Internet of things (IoT)
 On-demand availability of computer system resources
 Cognitive computing
CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEM
 A cyber-physical system (CPS) or intelligent system is a computer system in which

a mechanism is controlled or monitored by computer-based algorithms
 In cyber-physical systems, physical and software components are deeply

intertwined, able to operate on different spatial and temporal scales, exhibit
multiple and distinct behavioral modalities, and interact with each other in ways
that change with context.
INTERNET OF THINGS
 The Internet of Things (IoT) describes physical objects (or groups of such objects),
that are embedded with sensors, processing ability, software, and other
technologies, and that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems
over the Internet or other communications networks
ON-DEMAND AVAILABILITY OF COMPUTER
SYSTEM RESOURCES
 or Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources,

especially data storage (cloud storage) and computing power, without direct
active management by the user.
COGNITIVE COMPUTING
 refers to technology platforms that, broadly speaking, are based on the scientific
disciplines of artificial intelligence and signal processing.
FEATURES OF COGNITIVE COMPUTING
 Adaptive
They may learn as information changes, and as goals and requirements evolve. They may
resolve ambiguity and tolerate unpredictability. They may be engineered to feed on dynamic
data in real time, or near real time.
 Interactive
They may interact easily with users so that those users can define their needs comfortably. They
may also interact with other processors, devices, and cloud services, as well as with people.
 Iterative and stateful
They may aid in defining a problem by asking questions or finding additional source input if a
problem statement is ambiguous or incomplete.
 Contextual
They may understand, identify, and extract contextual elements such as meaning, syntax, time,
location, appropriate domain, regulations, user’s profile, process, task and goal.

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FOURTH INDUSTRIAL

 The phrase Fourth Industrial Revolution was first introduced by a team of scientists

 Klaus Schwab, executive chairman of the World Economic Forum (WEF),

 the transparency afforded by Industry 4.0 technology provides operators with

 Inter-connectivity allows operators to collect immense amounts of data and

 the technological facility of systems to assist humans in decision-making and

 Proponents of the Fourth Industrial Revolution suggest it is a distinct revolution

 This is due to the following characteristics:

 Internet of things (IoT)

 On-demand availability of computer system resources

 A cyber-physical system (CPS) or intelligent system is a computer system in which

 In cyber-physical systems, physical and software components are deeply

 or Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources,

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