CSCI 1120 Introduction to

Computing Using C++

Tutorial 10: Account Inheritance Hierarchy

Chenguang ZHENG
SHB 122A
cgzheng@cse.cuhk.edu.hk

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 Outline
• Case Study: Scenario
• Problem Analysis
• Inheritance Hierarchy
• Superclass and Subclass
• Test and Client Program
• Summary

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 Case Study
• A bank try to efficiently represent customers’ bank a
ccount by using OOP.
• Customers’ account usually has two operations
– Deposit money (called credit)
– Withdraw money (called debit)
• We discuss two specific types of accounts
– Savings accounts
– Checking accounts
• Should we define a class for each account?
– Customer account, savings account, and checking accoun
t 3
 Outline
• Case Study: Scenario
• Problem Analysis
• Inheritance Hierarchy
• Superclass and Subclass
• Test and Client Program
• Summary

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 Problem analysis (a)
• We find that the member functions and variable
s among the accounts are overlapped.
• When designing two or more classes that are di
fferent but share some common features, we us
e inheritance.
• The customer account can be viewed as the bas
e class (or, superclass), then the savings account
and checking account can be viewed as the deri
ved classes (or, subclass).
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 Problem analysis (b)
• Base class: Account
– Data member: (type double) to represent the account
balance
– Constructor: to initialize the account balance; and also
check the initial balance >= 0, if not satisfied, display a
n error message
– Three member functions:
• credit: add an amount to the current balance
• debit: withdraw money and ensure that the debit amount s
hould not exceed the current balance. If it does, the balanc
e should be unchanged and display some error message.
• getBalance: return the current balance 6
 Problem analysis (c)
• Derived class: SavingsAccount
– Inherit the functionality of Account
• credit
• debit
• getBalancce
– New data member: (type double) interest rate
• Because save money in bank
– New public member function: calculateInterest()
• return a double indicating the amount of interest earned
by an account.

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 Problem analysis (d)
• Derived class: CheckingAccount
– Inherit the functionality of Account
• getBalancce
– Further consider transactions fee in accounts
• New data member: (type double) represent the fee charg
ed per transaction
– Redefine credit and debit to subtract fee
• credit: cost fee each time
• debit: cost fee when withdraw succeeds

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 Outline
• Case Study: Scenario
• Problem Analysis
• Inheritance Hierarchy
• Superclass and Subclass
• Test and Client Program
• Summary

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 Inheritance Hierarchy

Account
credit debit getBalance

credit debit getBalance Redefine Redefine

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Source files in VS project columns

Header Files
(Class headers)
Account.h
CheckingAccount.h
SavingsAccount.h

Source Files
(Class files)
Account.cpp
CheckingAccount.cpp
SavingsAccount.cpp
(client program)
client.cpp

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 Outline
• Case Study: Scenario
• Problem Analysis
• Inheritance Hierarchy
• Superclass and Subclass
• Test and Client Program
• Summary

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 Superclass: header file
• The header file can be shown as follows.
• Two operations
– Save money
– Withdraw money
• Get account balance

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 Superclass: class file (a)
• Constructor: check the initialization value

Account::accountBalance and accountBalance are both acceptable

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 Superclass: class file (b)
• Withdraw money: check if there is enough money

Why bool function?

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 Superclass: class file (b)
• Get account balance

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 Subclass-saving: header file
• The header file should add superclass header file.
• The member functions in superclass are all inheri
ted by default.
• Add some new method and data member

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 Subclass-saving: class file
• The class file should add subclass header file.
• New constructor

from superclass

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 Subclass-saving: class file
• Calculate the interest

Can we use accountBalance or Account::accountBalance here?

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Subclass-checking: header file
• The header file should add superclass header file.
• You can also redefine some member functions ba
sed on the superclass.

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 Subclass-checking: class file
• The class file should add subclass header file.
• New constructor

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 Subclass-checking: class file
• How to update the account balance with fee?

By using the Account::credit() in superclass.

By using the Account::debit() in superclass.

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 Outline
• Case Study: Scenario
• Problem Analysis
• Inheritance Hierarchy
• Superclass and Subclass
• Test and Client Program
• Summary

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 Test - 1
• Base class – a
– Include header of base class

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 Test - 2
• Base class – b
– Include header of base class

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 Test - 3
• SavingsAccount
– Include header of SavingsAccount
–

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 Test - 4
• CheckingAccount
– Include header of CheckingAccount
–

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 Outline
• Case Study: Scenario
• Problem Analysis
• Inheritance Hierarchy
• Superclass and Subclass
• Test and Client Program
• Summary

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 Summary
• For inheritance, firstly you should be clear what is the
base class.
• The relationship between superclass and subclass sho
uld be analyzed, e.g., via diagram.
• For the subclass, you should know what is new and w
hat can be inherited via superclass.
• You are recommended to debug/test the superclass a
nd then subclass.
• Use the same function name in subclass as in the supe
rclass.
• Inheritance makes programming efficiently.
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Thank You!

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