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    Enhanced Entity-Relationship Modeling Transparencies: © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

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    Hidayat Ur Rahman

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Enhanced Entity-Relationship Modeling Transparencies: © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

    Uploaded by

    Hidayat Ur Rahman
    38 views18 pages

    Original Title

    Lecture # 7 EErd

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    38 views18 pages

    Enhanced Entity-Relationship Modeling Transparencies: © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

    Uploaded by

    Hidayat Ur Rahman

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 18

    Chapter 12

    Enhanced Entity-Relationship Modeling


    Transparencies

    © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005


    Chapter 12 - Objectives
     Limitations of basic concepts of the ER model
    and requirements to represent more complex
    applications using additional data modeling
    concepts.
     Most useful additional data modeling concept
    of Enhanced ER (EER) model is called
    specialization/generalization.
     A diagrammatic technique for displaying
    specialization/generalization in an EER
    diagram using UML.
    2
    © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005
    Enhanced Entity-Relationship Model
     Since 1980s there has been an increase in
    emergence of new database applications with
    more demanding requirements.

     Basic concepts of ER modeling are not sufficient


    to represent requirements of newer, more
    complex applications.

     Response is development of additional ‘semantic’


    modeling concepts.

    3
    © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005
    The Enhanced Entity-Relationship Model
     Semantic concepts are incorporated into the
    original ER model and called the Enhanced
    Entity-Relationship (EER) model.

     Examples of additional concept of EER model


    is called specialization / generalization.

    4
    © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005
    Specialization / Generalization
     Superclass
    – An entity type that includes one or more
    distinct subgroupings of its occurrences.

     Subclass
    – A distinct subgrouping of occurrences of an
    entity type.

    5
    © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005
    Specialization / Generalization
     Superclass/subclass relationship is one-
    to-one (1:1).

     Superclass may contain overlapping or


    distinct subclasses.

     Not all members of a superclass need be


    a member of a subclass.

    6
    © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005
    Specialization / Generalization
     Attribute Inheritance
    – An entity in a subclass represents same ‘real
    world’ object as in superclass, and may
    possess subclass-specific attributes, as well
    as those associated with the superclass.

    7
    © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005
    Specialization / Generalization
     Specialization
    – Process of maximizing differences between
    members of an entity by identifying their
    distinguishing characteristics.

     Generalization
    – Process of minimizing differences between
    entities by identifying their common
    characteristics.

    8
    © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005
    AllStaff relation holding details of all staff

    9
    © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005
    Specialization/generalization of Staff entity
    into subclasses representing job roles

    10
    © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005
    Specialization/generalization of Staff entity into
    job roles and contracts of employment

    11
    © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005
    EER diagram with shared subclass and
    subclass with its own subclass

    12
    © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005
    Constraints on Specialization / Generalization
     Two constraints that may apply to a
    specialization/generalization:
    – participation constraints
    – disjoint constraints.

     Participation constraint
    – Determines whether every member in
    superclass must participate as a member of
    a subclass.
    – May be mandatory or optional.
    13
    © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005
    Constraints on Specialization / Generalization
     Disjoint constraint
    – Describes relationship between members of
    the subclasses and indicates whether
    member of a superclass can be a member of
    one, or more than one, subclass.
    – May be disjoint or nondisjoint.

    14
    © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005
    Constraints on Specialization / Generalization
     There are four categories of constraints of
    specialization and generalization:
    – mandatory and disjoint
    – optional and disjoint
    – mandatory and nondisjoint
    – optional and nondisjoint.

    15
    © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005
    DreamHome worked example - Staff Superclass
    with Supervisor and Manager subclasses

    16
    © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005
    DreamHome worked example - Owner Superclass with
    PrivateOwner and BusinessOwner subclasses

    17
    © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005
    DreamHome worked example - Person superclass
    with Staff, PrivateOwner, and Client subclasses

    18

    © Pearson Education Limited 1995, 2005

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