Chapter 2 Introduction To Java

INTR OD U C T IO N TO J A V A
LESSON 2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• AT THE END OF THE LESSON, THE STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

1. DISCUSS WHY JAVA CAME TO BE DEVELOPED
2. CODE, COMPILE AND EXECUTE JAVA PROGRAMS
3. DISCUSS THE DIFFERENT JAVA TECHNOLOGY PRODUCT GROUP
4. EXPLAIN WHAT PLATFORM INDEPENDENT IS.
HISTORY
• IN 1991, SUN MICROSYSTEMS (ACQUIRED BY ORACLE CORPORATION ON JANUARY 27, 2010) FUNDED A
RESEARCH PROJECT TO DEVELOP A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE THAT MAY BE USED FOR ELECTRONIC
CONSUMER DEVICES SUCH AS TELEVISION AND VIDEO CASSETTE RECORDERS.
• THE PROJECT LED BY JAMES GOSLING RESULTED TO A LANGUAGE NAMED OAK.

• THIS WAS REPLACED WITH JAVA AS THE LATTER WAS ALREADY USED.
• JAMES GOSLING IS CONSIDERED THE FATHER OF JAVA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
CONTINUATION..
• CONTRARY TO WHAT IS EXPECTED, THE MARKET FOR ELECTRONIC CONSUMER DEVICES DID NOT DO
WELL. THIS PROMPTED THE COMPANY TO LOOK FOR OTHER USES OF JAVA.
• FORTUNATELY, THE INTERNET THEN WAS GROWING IN POPULARITY; AND SUN SAW THE POTENTIAL OF
USING JAVA AS A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE TO MAKE WEB PAGES DYNAMIC AND INTERACTIVE.
CONTINUATION..
• IN MAY 23, 1995 AT SUN WORLD SAN FRANCISCO, SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC., JAVA TECHNOLOGY WAS
OFFICIALLY BORN.
JAVA TECHNOLOGY PRODUCT GROUPS
• JAVA IS AN OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE. IT IS USED TO DEVELOP A WIDE RANGE OF
APPLICATIONS FROM MOBILE PHONES, GAME DEVELOPMENT AND WEB PAGES TO WEB SERVERS AND E-
COMMERCE APPLICATIONS. THESE APPLICATIONS ARE BUILT USING THE FOLLOWING JAVA TECHNOLOGY
PRODUCT GROUPS.
• JAVA STANDARD EDITION (JSE)
• JAVA MICRO EDITION (JME)
• JAVA ENTERPRISE EDITION (JEE)
EACH GROUP HAS ITS OWN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT KIT (SDK) TO DEVELOP A PROGRAM FOR SPECIFIC DEVICE
TYPES
JAVA STANDARD EDITION (JSE)
• TWO (2) TYPES OF PROGRAM MAY BE CREATED; APPLETS AND APPLICATIONS.
APPLETS ARE PROGRAMS THAT RUN WITHIN A WEB BROWSER AND ARE USED FOR CREATING DYNAMIC
AND INTERACTIVE WEB PAGES.
APPLICATIONS RUN ON DESKTOP COMPUTERS AND ARE USED FOR CREATING STAND-ALONE PROGRAMS
SUCH AS WORD PROCESSORS AND GAMES.
JAVA MICRO EDITION (JME)
• THIS IS USED FOR DEVICES WHICH JAVA INITIALLY INTENDED FOR. GAMES FOR MOBILE DEVICES AND CAR
NAVIGATION SYSTEMS MAY BE DEVELOPED USING THIS PRODUCT GROUP.
JAVA ENTERPRISE EDITION (JEE)
• THIS PRODUCT GROUPS ALLOWS THE CREATION ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS SUCH AS E-COMMERCE
SOLUTIONS.
JAVA TECHNOLOGY PRODUCT GROUPS
• MOST WHO WOULD WANT TO LEARN THE JAVA TECHNOLOGY STARTS WITH THE JSE. GO FOR APPLETS IF
INTERESTED TO LEARN ABOUT ENHANCING WEB PAGES. FOR THOSE WHO WOULD LIKE TO LEARN
PROGRAMMING PARTICULAR OBJECT ORIENTED, THEN APPLICATIONS MAY BE BETTER CHOICE.
JAVA PLATFORM INDEPENDENT
• JAVA IS DESIGNED TO BE A PLATFORM INDEPENDENT. PLATFORM REFERS TO THE OPERATING SYSTEM
AND THE PROCESSOR USED. A JAVA PROGRAM COMPILED IN ONE PLATFORM LIKE WINDOWS COULD BE
EXECUTED IN A MACHINE WITH MACHINTOSH OS.
• UNLIKE OTHER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES SUCH AS C, A PROGRAM HAS TO BE RECOMPILED IF RUN IN

DIFFERENT PLATFORM.
• PLATFORM INDEPENDENCE IS POSSIBLE THROUGH THE JAVA VIRTUAL MACHINE. THIS IS A SOFTWARE
THAT EXECUTES THE CODES (BYTECODES) GENERATED BY COMPILATION.
JAVA DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
• A NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS MAY BE USED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF JAVA PROGRAMS. TWO (2) OF THE
MOST COMMONLY USED APPLICATIONS ARE THE JAVA DEVELOPMENT KIT (JDK) AND NETBEANS.
JAVA DEVELOPMENT KIT
• JAVA DEVELOPMENT KIT OR JDK IS A PROGRAM THAT WE MAY USE TO COMPILE AND EXECUTE JAVA
PROGRAMS. WITH JDK, A PROGRAM MAY BE CREATED IN ANY TEXT EDITOR LIKE NOTEPAD.
HOW TO OBTAIN JDK?
1. IN YOUR WEB BROWSER, TYPE JDK OR JAVA DEVELOPMENT KIT
2. DOWNLOAD THE LATEST VERSION OF JDK UNDER THE STANDARD JAVA STANDARD EDITION (JSE)
3. EXTRACT THE DOWNLOADED JDK EXECUTABLE FILES. TWO OF THE FREQUENTLY USE ARE
JAVAC.EXE(USED FOR COMPILATION) AND JAVA.EXE (USED TO RUN JAVA APPLICATIONS)
4. IF JDK WILL BE USED IN THE COMMAND PROMPT, SET THE PATH TO WHERE THE JAVAC.EXE OR JAVA.EXE
FILES ARE EXTRACTED IN THE COMMAND PROMPT. FOR EXAMPLE:
C:\>PATH C:\PROGRAM FILES\JAVA\JDK1.6.0_26\BIN
DEVELOPING A JAVA PROGRAM USING JDK
1. ENCODE – PROGRAM MUST BE ENCODED AND SAVED FIRST USING ANY TEXT EDITOR LIKE NOTEPAD OR
WORDPAD. A TEXT EDITOR MAY ONLY BE USED TO ENCODE JAVA PROGRAMS.
WHEN A CLASS IS DECLARED PUBLIC SUCH AS PUBLIC CLASS HELLO, THEN THE FILENAME SHOULD HAVE
THE SAME NAME AS THE CLASS WITH THE EXTENSION .JAVA. (HELLO.JAVA
IN CASE OF MULTIPLE CLASS DECLARATIONS IN A SINGLE FILE AND NO CLASS IS DECLARED PUBLIC, THEN
ANY CLASS NAME MAY BE USED WITH .JAVA AS FILE NAME. HOWEVER, THE CLASS TO EXECUTE IS THE ONE
CONTAINING THE MAIN () METHOD.
A FILE CAN ONLY HAVE ONE (1) PUBLIC CLASS.
CONT…
2. COMPILE – A PROGRAM IS TRANSLATED INTO A FORM THAT CAN BE UNDERSTOOD BY COMPUTERS. IN

JAVA COMPILATION GENERATED BYTE CODES. BYTECODES ARE TRANSLATION THAT CAN RUN ON DIFFERENT
PLATFORMS.
JAVAC HELLO.JAVA
IF THE PROGRAM HAS NO ERROR, THE COMMAND PROMPT WILL SIMPLY DISPLAYED BACK.
CONT..
3. INTERPRET – BYTECODES ARE INTERPRETED TO EXECUTE THE JAVA PROGRAM.
JAVA HELLO
NETBEANS IDE
• NETBEANS IS AN INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT (IDE) THAT CAN RUN PROGRAMS USING
JAVA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE. AN IDE IS USED TO CREATE, MODIFY, COMPILE, DEBUG AND EXECUTE
PROGRAMS.

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INTR OD U C T IO N TO J A V A

• AT THE END OF THE LESSON, THE STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

• THE PROJECT LED BY JAMES GOSLING RESULTED TO A LANGUAGE NAMED OAK.

• UNLIKE OTHER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES SUCH AS C, A PROGRAM HAS TO BE RECOMPILED IF RUN IN

2. COMPILE – A PROGRAM IS TRANSLATED INTO A FORM THAT CAN BE UNDERSTOOD BY COMPUTERS. IN

3. INTERPRET – BYTECODES ARE INTERPRETED TO EXECUTE THE JAVA PROGRAM.

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