This document discusses the transport layer and reliable data transfer. It describes two transport layer protocols: TCP, which provides reliable, in-order delivery, and UDP, which provides unreliable, unordered delivery. It then discusses principles of reliable data transfer over unreliable channels, including using checksums, acknowledgments, negative acknowledgments, sequence numbers, and retransmissions. It also covers topics like pipelining data transfer using protocols like Go-Back-N and Selective Repeat.
This document discusses the transport layer and reliable data transfer. It describes two transport layer protocols: TCP, which provides reliable, in-order delivery, and UDP, which provides unreliable, unordered delivery. It then discusses principles of reliable data transfer over unreliable channels, including using checksums, acknowledgments, negative acknowledgments, sequence numbers, and retransmissions. It also covers topics like pipelining data transfer using protocols like Go-Back-N and Selective Repeat.
This document discusses the transport layer and reliable data transfer. It describes two transport layer protocols: TCP, which provides reliable, in-order delivery, and UDP, which provides unreliable, unordered delivery. It then discusses principles of reliable data transfer over unreliable channels, including using checksums, acknowledgments, negative acknowledgments, sequence numbers, and retransmissions. It also covers topics like pipelining data transfer using protocols like Go-Back-N and Selective Repeat.
This document discusses the transport layer and reliable data transfer. It describes two transport layer protocols: TCP, which provides reliable, in-order delivery, and UDP, which provides unreliable, unordered delivery. It then discusses principles of reliable data transfer over unreliable channels, including using checksums, acknowledgments, negative acknowledgments, sequence numbers, and retransmissions. It also covers topics like pipelining data transfer using protocols like Go-Back-N and Selective Repeat.
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Chapter 3: Transport Layer
(PART 1)
Computer Networking: A Top Down
Approach 6th Edition 1 Jim Kurose, Keith Ross 2
Outline Transport Layer Services Connectionless Transport: UDP Principles of Reliable Data Transfer 3
Transport Layer Services
Transport layer provides logical communication between application processes Transport protocols run in end systems There are two transport layer protocols TCP UDP 4
Transport Layer Services
TCP Reliable, in-order delivery Congestion control Flow control Connection setup UDP Unreliable, unordered delivery No extension of best-effort IP
Delay guarantees and bandwidth guarantees arenat
available on TCP and UDP 5
Connectionless Transport: UDP
UDP Best effort service UDP segments may be lost, or delivered out of order to applicaiton Connectionless No handshaking between UDP sender and receiver UDP is used by: Streaming Multimedia DNS SNMP 6
Connectionless Transport: UDP
Why UDP? No connection establishment (which can add delay) Simple: No connection state at sender or receiver Small header size No congestion control: (can blast away as fast as desired) 7
Connectionless Transport: UDP
UDP Checksum Used to detect errors in transmitted segment Sender: Treatsegment contents as a sequence of 16 bit integers Checksum: addition of segment contents Sender puts checksum value into UDP checksum field 8
Connectionless Transport: UDP
UDP Checksum Used to detect errors in transmitted segment Receiver: Compute checksum of received segment Check the computed checksum whether it is equal to checksum field value or not NO: error detected YES: no error detected 9
Principles of Reliable Data Transfer
Reliable data transfer is important in applicaiton, transport and link layers The complexity of reliable data transfer protocol is related to the characteristics of unreliable channel Incrementally reliable data transfer protocol will be developed. Only unidirectional data transfer will be considered. 10
Principles of Reliable Data Transfer
Rdt 1.0 reliable data transfer over a reliable channel No bit errors No loss of packets Rdt 2.0 channel with bit errors Channel may flip bits in packet Checksum Acknowledgements (ACKs) Negative Acknowledgements (NAKs) 11
Principles of Reliable Data Transfer
Rdt 2.0 channel has a big problem What happens if ACK/NAK corrupted? (RDT 2.1 sender handles garbled ACK/NAKs) Can not just retransmit: possible duplicate Handling duplicates: Sender retransmits current paket if ACK/NAK corrupted Sender adds sequence number to each paket Receiver discards duplicate paket 12
Principles of Reliable Data Transfer
Rdt 2.2 NAK-free protocol Same functionality as rdt 2.1 using ACKs only Instead of NAK receiver sends ACK for last paket received OK Duplicate ACK at sender results in same action as NAK: retransmit current paket 13
Principles of Reliable Data Transfer
Rdt 3.0 channels with errors and loss Underlying channel can also lose packets (data or ACKs) Sender waits reasonable amount of time for ACK Retransmits if no ACK received in this time Requires countdown timer 14
Principles of Reliable Data Transfer
Pipelined protocols Pipelining: Sender allows multiple in flight yet to be acknowledged pakets Range of sequence numbers should be increased Buffering Two generic forms of pipelined protocols: Go-Back-N Selective Repeat 15
Principles of Reliable Data Transfer
Go-back-N Sender can have up to N unacked packets in pipeline Receiver only sends cumulative ACKs Sender has timer for oldest unacked packet 16
Principles of Reliable Data Transfer
Selective Repeat Sender can have up to N unacked packets in pipeline Receiver sends individual ACK for each packet Sender maintains timer for each unacked packet
