UNIT VII:

Information Technology,
Culture and the Society
GROUP THREE Angeles, Arabe, Baruelo, Lor, Madarang, Ramos, Santos
IT USED IN THE CYBER
WORLD
The Cyber World, sometimes known as cyberspace, encompasses
much more than the Internet. It refers to an online environment in
which a large number of people are engaged in social interactions
and may impact and influence one another. The usage of digital
media allows people to engage in cyberspace. Create media,
share media, and consume media are examples of cyberspace
interactions.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CYBERSPACE
IMMEDIATE/F
PERMANENT PUBLIC
AST

Potential of viral effect on self Leaves behind No absolute online

and others digital footprint privacy
IT USED IN THE CYBER
WORLD
The technique of protecting computers, servers, mobile devices,
electronic systems, networks, and data against hostile intrusions
is known as cyber security. It's also known as electronic
information security or information technology security. The
phrase is used in a range of situations, ranging from business to
mobile computing, and it may be broken down into a few
categories.
 What is Society?
A society is a collection of people who engage in
ongoing social interactions, or a big social group that
shares the same physical or social region and is often
governed by the same governmental authority and
cultural norms.
How is IT and Society
Linked?
Technology and society have a symbiotic relationship.
Technological change is driven by society, while evolving
technologies are shaped by society. Humans, rather than
technology, are believed to play a major influence in developing
technology, according to Social Constructivism. It claims that
rather than technology dictating human behavior, human
behavior shapes technology. We develop these technologies
because of our curiosity, desire to expand, and need to get things
done quickly.
Applications of Information
Technology in our Daily
Lives
Education. Home. Jobs.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN:

EDUCATION
1. ACCESS TO LEARNING THE MATERIAL

1.A The internet is full of learning material that the learner can
access and use to supplement whatever is provided for in the
classroom. There are e-books, revision guides and past
examination papers that are available on the world wide web and
students can take advantage of these to improve their knowledge
base.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN:

EDUCATION
2. CONTINUOUS LEARNING

2.A Using information technology in education has made it

possible for students to keep on learning, irrespective of where
they are.

2.B Teachers and professors can send assignments to students and they can complete and submit them even without physically stepping into the classrooms and so learning

never has to stop.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN:

EDUCATION
3. SHARING OF KNOWLEDGE

3.A Through online discussion forums, students can share

knowledge, engage in intellectual debates and generally learn
from one another.

3.B Using information technology in education has basically

made it possible for students from all over the world to come
together and share experiences, the geographical distances
notwithstanding.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN:

EDUCATION
4. Using audio and visual material as learning aids

4.A By using audio and visual materials, students can develop a

better understanding of the topics being taught.

4.B It is now much easier to perform demonstrations and put some practical aspects to the theory taught in class. Slow learners, therefore, have an opportunity to catch

up with those who had grasped whatever was initially taught in class.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN:

EDUCATION
5. Distance learning

5.A To adapt to a changing population with unique demands,

learning institutions have employed the use of information
technology in education to cater to this new demographic.

5.B Online courses have enabled most of the employed and young population to go back to class and get second degrees or additional certifications.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN:

EDUCATION
6. Proper record keeping

6.A It is possible to keep student records in a more systematic

and secure manner using technology. Unlike in the past when
records used to be kept manually and there were many cases of
lost files, the incorporation of information technology in
education has made it possible for safe and proper record
keeping.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN:

EDUCATION
7. Video Conferencing Tool

7.A With video conferencing tools, teachers can easily conduct

virtual classes and deliver high quality learning experiences to
students from anywhere at any time.
7.B It improves the communication among parents, teachers &
other staff members as PTA meetings, conferences, training
sessions and more can be easily conducted without the
requisition of the physical presence of the attendees.
 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AT:

HOME
Home Cyberspace

Home Network

A collection of connected devices and appliances in the home for

transporting and sharing information. The connection can be to disparate
subsystems managing a variety of devices or appliances including
personal computers, audio/video equipment, set top boxes, refrigerators,
climate control systems, doors, lights, etc.
 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AT:

HOME
Home Cyberspace

Information Appliance

A specialized computing device designed to perform a single task (unlike

a general-purpose computer) and, conversely, a more traditional appliance
performing its primary task that has also been upgraded to exchange
information with other devices and systems. In addition to digital
assistants, refrigerators, coffee makers and mirrors become information
appliances as capabilities are added to them to process and exchange
information.
 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AT:

HOME
Three ways IT aids in chores:

1. Controlling the appliances we use for housework.

2. Establishing local networks for home communications and control.

3. Directly providing electronic information and transaction services from the home.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AT:

JOBS/WORKS
1. Business

1.A Since the arrival of computers, the entire face of the business
world has been changed. To run the different departments of
business swiftly, use of Information Technology is important and
it is possible with computers and softwares.

1.B The use of information technology can be seen in departments such as finance, human resources, manufacturing, and security.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AT:

JOBS/WORKS
2. Finance

2.A Information Technology opens the doors for traders and

common people to do online purchases.

2.B Banks keep records of all the transactions and accounts through computers. Unlike before, now the transactions and other deals have become faster and easier.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AT:

JOBS/WORKS
3. Healthcare

With Information Technology, the field of medicine and health

has been seeing tremendous improvements. For doctors, sending
and receiving information, checking patients, and discussing
with other experts have become very convenient. Also, it reduces
the time taken in paperwork.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AT:

JOBS/WORKS
4. Security

Online transactions and keeping records of all the online

transactions are now more safe than earlier times. Only proper
management and a person responsible for the system can access
the data online. It prohibits any random person from checking
the details. All these have been made possible by keeping the
system passwords proof. Only permissible authority can access
your information.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AT:

JOBS/WORKS
5. Employment

With Information Technology, new jobs have been introduced. It

creates new jobs for programmers, hardware and software
developers, systems analyzers, web designers and many others.
Information Technology has opened entirely new fields and
thousands of jobs for IT professionals.
Computers in
Communication
Teleconferencing
Data Conferencing
Audio Conferencing
Video Conferencing
Electronic Conferencing
Voice Mail
Fax
COMPUTERS IN COMMUNICATION

HOW COMPUTERS AFFECTED COMMUNICATION

1. Communication before technology

1.A Before technology became prevalent and made

communication easier between people, the common means of
communication were through letters, mail, or posts, and even
way before that, smoke signals and messenger pigeons (Roger,
2019). Often, mailed letters take from a few days to several
weeks or months before being successfully delivered to their
recipient.
COMPUTERS IN COMMUNICATION

HOW COMPUTERS AFFECTED COMMUNICATION

2. Communication with computers

2.A It was not until the late 1800s that technology began to be used in communications.
Graham Bell was credited with creating the first Bell telephone in 1875, along with other
inventors (Library of Congress, n.d.). For almost 50 years, the telephone became the most
prominent means of communication among different communities, until the rise of early
cellular phones and computers (Roger, 2019).

2. B With the rapid development of technology and the release of more advanced devices,
electronic mail, messages, video calls, and online conferencing have become the most
commonly used ways of communicating, thereby providing more convenience, efficiency,
and better access.
 COMPUTERS IN COMMUNICATION

USE OF COMPUTERS IN COMMUNICATION

1. Teleconferencing

Teleconferencing is defined as an interactive virtual meeting that takes place through the
use of audio-visual resources involving technology. Participants utilize different digital
devices such as mobile phones, tablet computers, laptops, or desktop computers
connected to different telecommunication networks to attend online meetings within
designated online meeting rooms (Mitel, 2021).
 COMPUTERS IN COMMUNICATION

USE OF COMPUTERS IN COMMUNICATION

1.A Data Conferencing

Teleconferencing is an umbrella term Component of teleconferencing wherein

for the different components of online the users transmit information, transfer
communication using computer data, and share applications through a
technology. These online network during a live session (Furht,
2008).
communications are:
Examples of tools and/or applications:
• Whiteboards
• Presentations
• Remote control softwares
• Screen sharing
• Application sharing
 COMPUTERS IN COMMUNICATION

USE OF COMPUTERS IN COMMUNICATION

1.B Audio Conferencing

Another component of teleconferencing that uses voice and

audio features that passes through a medium which allows
participants to interact. In comparison to traditional telephone
communication, there is a central system that connects all the
users, enabling them to communicate without directly calling
each other (Mitel, 2021). This allows multiple participants to be
in a single call simultaneously.
 COMPUTERS IN COMMUNICATION

USE OF COMPUTERS IN COMMUNICATION

1.C Video Conferencing

Video conferencing allows users to hold live face-to-face meetings without the
need of being in the same, single location. It is a video-based meeting that
takes place through the use of different devices capable of supporting cameras
and webcams.

This component of teleconferencing provides convenience for businesses as it

reduces expenses allotted for business travels, and a wider access to consumers,
partnerships, and business deals (Kagan, 2021).
 COMPUTERS IN COMMUNICATION

USE OF COMPUTERS IN COMMUNICATION

1.D Electronic Conferencing

A type of web conference that uses an electronic medium, and

unlike traditional communication, functions through the use of
internet networks and applications making it easier to hold
meetings (EzTalks, 2021). This component of teleconferencing
helps companies to make work more efficient by its flexibility,
efficiency, and convenience, therefore saving more money and
time.
 COMPUTERS IN COMMUNICATION

USE OF COMPUTERS IN COMMUNICATION

2. Voicemail

Voicemail is an audio or voice-based feature of teleconferencing. It is defined as an

electronic system wherein oral recorded messages are stored, which may often be pre-
recorded by the user. This allows the caller to record a response in return, therefore
allowing communication to occur without requiring a live-session (Britannica, 2019).
This allows users to store voice messages to be sent to another caller whenever they are
unavailable or incapable of responding. This feature is available in phone calls, audio
meetings, or electronic conferences.
 COMPUTERS IN COMMUNICATION

USE OF COMPUTERS IN COMMUNICATION

3. Fax

Fax or facsimile is the use of a specific machine that scans and transmits documents and
prints, which are then sent to another telephone network and reproduced as a similar copy
(Britannica, 2020). This type of electronic communication is also called telecopying,
allowing users to send textual information or images to another user.
Computers in
Healthcare
The use of computers have provided a vast improvement in
healthcare wherein it allowed access outside of the radiology
department to images and clinical information throughout the
hospital. Research institutions and large tertiary care academic
medical centers have also began to recognize the benefits of
Picture Archiving and Communication System or PACS.
COMPUTERS IN:

Healthcare
Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)

Picture Archiving and Communication System is a medical imaging technology used

primarily in healthcare organizations to securely store and digitally transmit electronic
images and clinically-relevant reports. (Charles, 2018). The use of PACS in
healthcare have provided a huge impact wherein the practice and transfer have been
made easier for computer-aided diagnosis, decision support tools, virtual imaging,
and guidance systems (Arenson et. Al, 2020).
COMPUTERS IN:

Healthcare
Computers are being utilized in essential medical care, psychiatry, physiological
estimations, clinical training, writing search, and as a guide to the disabled.
COMPUTERS IN HEALTHCARE

USE OF COMPUTERS IN HEALTHCARE

1. Hospital Information System

1.A A computerized hospital information system can provide

consistent standards for data transfer and storage while also monitoring
all transactions in real time. It makes it simple to get valuable patient
care information.
COMPUTERS IN HEALTHCARE

USE OF COMPUTERS IN HEALTHCARE

2. Laboratory Computing

2.A A clinical laboratory's main goal is to produce accurate results in a

short amount of time. Blood chemistry, photometry, and microbiology
are examples of laboratory tests. The results must match the patient's
identification information and be legitimate. Quick access to the
laboratory system can help to ensure that the patient care system runs
well.
COMPUTERS IN HEALTHCARE

USE OF COMPUTERS IN HEALTHCARE

3. Computer Assisted Decision making (CMD)

3.A A CMD is an interactive computer system that helps doctors make

clinical decisions within a shorter time period. This technology is
designed to assist doctors by combining the computer's massive
memory, reliability, and processing capabilities with their innate ability
to make decisions.
COMPUTERS IN HEALTHCARE

USE OF COMPUTERS IN HEALTHCARE

4. Care for Critically Ill Patients

4.A The use of computers in healthcare systems have made it possible

to digitally manage and store patient data in intensive care units. All
vital signs, medications, intake and output volumes, and laboratory
values are entered, integrated, and reported through data management.
COMPUTERS IN HEALTHCARE

USE OF COMPUTERS IN HEALTHCARE

5. Computer Assisted Therapy

5.A There have been created methods for planning, monitoring, and
changing dosage regimens of powerful and potentially toxic
medications such as digitalis and antibiotics like gentamicin. By
establishing a target peak whole-body concentration of a medicine, a
physician can determine dosing regimens.
COMPUTERS IN HEALTHCARE

USE OF COMPUTERS IN HEALTHCARE

6. Medical Imaging

6.A Committed equipment and programming is needed to create such

pictures in CT check, MRI, ultrasound, and gamma cameras. It is
feasible to coordinate these workstations to the principal emergency
clinic data framework.
Information
Technology in Agriculture
 COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE

ROLE OF IT IN AGRICULTURE

This called for the continuous growth of demand for food. Agriculture is an important sector for
the global economy. According to WorldBank.org, if given much attention, agriculture can help
reduce poverty for 75% of the world’s poor. However, around the globe there are about one billion
people who do not have access to food, and this is not because of food shortage but rather because
of failure to focus on agricultural development. There are uneven distribution of food supply and
some even goes to waste. That’s why the role of IT in agriculture has a substantial impact on how
we humans can solve this problem. With the application of information and technology in
agriculture, humans have found ways to efficiently and effectively meet the demand.
 COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE

ADVANTAGES

The integration of IT in the world’s agricultural methods, made sure that we have improved
and strengthened production. It created sustainable, eco-friendly, and affordable
crops/harvest resulting in long term positive effects. We are now able to have marketing,
enhanced incomes for both owner and worker, as well as a consistent update on agricultural
processes.
 COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE

USES OF COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE

1. Weather Satellites

orbits earth and provide real-time data on weather patterns

1.A The use of flight technology has enabled humans to send satellites to space that now

and rainfall assessments. Farmers now use this data to plan ahead and determine the timing
and amount of irrigation they will need for their crops. The satellite data also helps them find
out which is the best time to plant and keeps track of the crop’s status.
 COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE

USES OF COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE

2. Ultrasound

omb. Although this is true, it has also been used

We usually perceive ultrasound as a technology confined in hospitals or laboratories for checking babies inside the w

to discover what quality of meat is inside the animal before its sold in the market. Livestocks
undergo DNA testing which helps producers identify animals with good qualities, this data
can then be used by farmers to improve their herd quality.
 COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE

USES OF COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE

3. Crop Sensors

S m how much fertilizer the plant may need based on the amount of
ensors send real time data into a farmer’s smartphone that tells hi

light reflected from the plant to the optical sensor. The crop sensor checks on how your plant
is feeling and reduces fertilizers when needed to avoid potential leaching and runoff into
groundwater.
 COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE

USES OF COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE

4. Drones

ght, the presence of weed, and water saturation on

With the assistance of drones in agriculture, farmers have the advantage of gathering data regarding plant hei

different parts of the field with high precision. It provides higher resolution images than
satellites that provide accurate and faster data than scouts. The drones play an important role
in spraying insecticides in hazard areas, avoiding the need for farmers to be directly exposed
which would have led to chemical poisoning.
Information
Technology in
Business
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS

THE IMPORTANCE OF IT IN BUSINESS

It is impossible to attain long term business success without

leveraging the benefits of information technology. The
companies have to bear a reasonable cost to achieve this
success. Using an innovative approach in business strategy,
Every business' success is dependent on
employing highly trained IT professionals and making the right
accurate analysis, the selection of the
decisions are the prerequisite of business success (Abid, 2015).
appropriate technology, and a long-term
vision. The only technology that allows
It’s probably safe to say, that it is impossible to achieve long
analysis of specific data is
term business success without harbouring the benefits of
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY.
information technology in the heavily digital age we live in
(Duncan, 2021).
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN:

Business
The Importance of IT in Business

1. Decision Making
A market research process is required for any successful organization. Market research can
be conducted in a variety of ways, including online surveys, forums, and blogs. Big data,
Google Analytics, and Microsoft Dynamics CRM are also excellent resources for
extracting useful information that can influence decision-making (Abid, 2015).
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN:

Business
The Importance of IT in Business

2. Marketing and Business Growth

Digital Marketing is a modern phenomenon that allows promotion of products or
services all over the world (Abid, 2015).

3. Customer Support and Satisfaction

We can now communicate in real time with millions of potential or existing
customers because of the information technology (Abid, 2015).
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN:

Business
The importance of IT in Business

4. Resource Management and Globalisation

Information Technology has played a vital role in automating such complex problems
by introducing easy-to-use solutions for managers to troubleshoot (Abid, 2015).
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN:

Uses of IT in Business
Information Technology can also be used to improve the services for customers, allowing them to
provide feedback and suggestions for improvement on products and services (Muthoni, 2021).

• Security
• Digital Advertising & Marketing
• Product Development
• Operational Efficiency
• Online Payment Transfers
• Relationship with Clients
• Online Storage
• Globalization
• Global Communication
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN:

Roles of IT in Business (Duncan, 2021)

IT in business is ultimately to help the business be more efficient and productive. It has a number of
different roles including but not limited to:

• Helping the company be more productive, time = money.

• Optimising business performance
• Safeguarding data and troubleshooting
• Saving the business money
• Improving customer experience, satisfaction and communication
• Streamlining communication systems
• Enhancing managerial decision-making
• Helping the business expand globally
• Providing staff access to company information
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN:

5 Reasons for Accelerated Business Growth

(BusinessVibes, 2015)

The technological revolution has improved businesses this century in the following five primary ways:

1. Information technology has given business the tools to solve complex problems.
2. Information technology allows businesses to make better decisions.
3. Information technology has improved marketing.
4. Information technology has improved customer support.
5. Information technology has improved resource management.
Telecommuting
Telecommuting is the practice of working at home by using the
internet, email and telephone or basically using technology It is
also referred to as remote work or “work from home”.
Telecommuting
Advantages

1. It keeps employees and employers safe and helps businesses to continue despite
the pandemic.
Telecommuting
Advantages
2. It is Convenient for Employees.

2.A Employees will save more time and money.

2.B Employees will have a more flexible work schedule.
2.C Employees may not have to deal with common workplace
distractions.
2.D Increases employee autonomy and loyalty.
2.E Better work life balance for employees.
Telecommuting
Advantages
3. It is advantageous for employers.

3.A Decrease in Absentees

3.B Increase in production and quality of outputs.
3.C Increase in retention of good employees.
3.D Employers will also benefit from greater flexibility in work
schedules.
3.E Employers may save money on real estate and other
overhead expenses.
Telecommuting
Disadvantages
1. For Employees

1.A The employee has less personal contact with managers and coworkers.
1.B The worker may have more disruptions at home, resulting in reduced productivity.
1.C You might miss the social aspect of working with peers.
1.D Collaborative projects and brainstorming can be more difficult.
1.E Less motivated and less skilled employees may flounder when working on their
own without a built-in support system.
Telecommuting
Disadvantages
2. For Employers and Companies

2.A It can be more difficult for managers to supervise someone working from home.
2.B There is an increased risk of privacy and security issues.
2.C Companies would need to provide resources for their remote workers.
Are there any questions you’d like to
ask?
Thank you for listening!
GROUP THREE
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