LESSON 5:

WRITING THE
REPORT SURVEY/
FIELD REPORT
LABORATORY/
SCIENTIFIC
TECHNICAL
REPORT REVIEW
OBJECTIVES:
After going through this module, you are expected
to:
• Determine the objectives and structure of
writing various reports;
• Design tests and revise survey questionnaires;
• Summarize finding and execute the report
through visual graphics; and
• Write various reports.
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 What is
RESEARCH?
Research is a systematic and scientific way of
investigating and gathering information to answer
a particular problem, establish facts, and reach
conclusions. Conducting a research can be done in
various fields such as arts, humanities, social
sciences, natural sciences, technology, and health
sciences.

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Some of the research papers in various fields are the survey
report, the field report, and the laboratory or scientific
technical report.
• A Survey report is a paper which presents the results of the
author’s research.
• A field report is usually used in the field of social sciences to
link theory and application. It usually contains the author’s
observations when out on the field and analysis using
theoretical concepts from the discipline.
• A laboratory or scientific technical report is written by those
in the sciences mainly to persuade others to accept or reject a
hypothesis, record the details for future researches, and
document a current phenomenon for future reference or
comparison. 4
Sample Topics in Question Form

• How does Mindanao peace and

order situation affect the economy
of the Philippines?
• What are the psychological
effects of online games/
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When choosing topic, a
researcher should consider
the following criteria
× • First, a research topic should be
relevant
× • It should also be interesting,
especially for the researcher.
× • Finally, a topic should be
manageable.
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 Qualities of a Good
Research Question
• A good research question should be clear,
especially to a layperson.
• A good research questions should require the
gathering of data to answer it.
• A good research question should address an
observed problem or issue
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What is a
RESEARCH
REPORT
A research report is an Some of the requirements
expanded paper that needed to complete a
presents results and research report are the
interpretation of a following:
phenomenon so that • Topic
readers can better
understand it. • Type of paper
• Length

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• Number of sources require
(usually at least 10 reputable
references)
• Types of sources (books,
journals, periodicals, and other
online sources)
• Documentation style
(APA,MLA,Chicago, IEEE)
• Deadlines
• Format
• Parts of the research report
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PARTS OF THE
RESEARCH REPORT
• Title Page- It contains • Abstract- Contains • Introduction- explains
an informative title the summary of the the current state of the
which describes the finding and conclusions. field of discipline and
content of the paper, It briefly presents the identifies research gaps
name of the author/s context of the study, addressed by the
and addresses or research questions or research.
affiliation, and date objectives,
when it is submitted. methodology, major
Here’s an example of finding, conclusions,
Informative titles. and sometimes
Effects of Facebook on implications, with
minimal number of
Academic Achievement
citations and statistical
of First Year students
data.
Development and
Validations of software
for detecting Plagiarism

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PARTS OF THE
RESEARCH REPORT
• Literature • Methodology- • Results – This
review- contains contains the contains tables
the summary processes and and graphs that
and synthesis of summarize the
steps taken in
all available collected data,
sources directly gathering data Along with
related to the for the tables and
study. research. graphs are their
respective
interpretations.

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PARTS OF THE
RESEARCH REPORT
• Discussion- It • Conclusion- • Reference-
contains and contains the contains the
provides an restatement of
explanation for different
major finding,
all the results in sources
relation to the limitations of
the study,
used in the
previous studies
recommendati study.
presented in the
literature review. on or
objectives.

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SAMPLE
QUESTIONNAIRE
THESIS TITLE:
Development of
Tasked-Based
Instructional Materials
in Speech
Communication for
Sophomore Students
by Tandoc, Shiella
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 NEEDS AND LEARNING STYLE
PREFERENCE SURVEY THE
QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Respondent,
The researcher is presently conducting an action research
entitled Students Needs and Learning Style Preferences in
Second Language Acquisition: Basis for Materials Development in
English Classes. In line with this, she needs to assess the
students’ learning needs. Please read carefully andanswer each
question to the best of your ability. Responses will be treated with
strict confidentiality. Thank you.
The Researcher,
_____________
_____________
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I. Your Personal Profile Name:
_____________________________________________
Age:________________________________________________
Course:_____________________________________________ Year
Level:_________________________________________

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II. Your Interests
1. What is your favorite subject when you were in high school? If answer
is
more than one, Indicate order of
interest.______________________________
2. What is your favorite subject now? If answer is more than one, Indicate
order of
interest.____________________________________________________
__
3. Rank the subjects that you want to enroll in. Number 1 is as first in the
order of interest.

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3. Rank the subjects that you want to
enroll in. Number 1 is as first in the order
of interest.
_____a. Remedial _____e. Creative
Grammar Writing
_____b. Intensive _____f. Technical
Grammar Writing
_____c. Developmental _____g. Business
Reading Correspondence
_____d. Remedial _____h. Speech/Oral
Reading Communication
_____i. Public Speaking
_____j. Argumentation and
Debate
_____k. Research Paper
Writing

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III. Your Lack Rank the subject difficulty, 10
being the most difficult.
I have difficulty in…
_____1. Understanding unfamiliar words
_____2. Finding the right words for my idea.
_____3. Getting the main idea of a paragraph
_____4. Stating my main idea in writing with correct
grammar.
_____5. Summarizing what I have read.
_____6. Paraphrasing difficult passages.
_____7. Interpreting graphs and tables

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IV. Your Learning Style
Answer each statement to show
how you prefer to learn English.
Refer below for your responses.

SA- Strongly Agree

A- Agree
U- Undecided
D- Strongly Disagree

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Statements
______1. When the teacher tells me the instructions, I
understand better.
______2. I prefer to learn by doing something in class.
______3. I get my work done when I work with others.
______4. I learn more when I study with a group.
______5. In class, I learn best when I work with others.
______6. I learn better by reading what the teacher writes on
the board.
______7. When someone tells me how to do something in
class, I learn it.

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Testing the Questionnaire
The questionnaire that you constructed should
undergo pilot testing. It is done by administering the
questionnaire to a small selected group of
respondents- people who are the subject of your
research.

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Administering the
Questionnaire
The face and content, and
reliability validated questionnaire
is now ready to be administered
to the target respondents. It is
suggested that the administrator
should be present during the time
when the respondents answer
the questionnaire.
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Summarizing the Results
After you have
administered the survey
questionnaire, you are now
ready to summarize the
survey results. For closed
questionnaire, you will tally
the responses of the
respondents.
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SURVEY REPORT
A research report is often
used in the sciences,
engineering and
psychology. Its main aim is
to present the research in a
manner that the readers
can easily understand the
report- what it is all about,
its purpose, and the results.
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WRITING THE FILED
REPORT
The field research has the following contents:
1. Introduction- describes the research
problem, the specific objectives, important
theories or concepts, nature of organization,
types of observation conducted, methods
used in collecting data, review of literature
related to the subject of study.

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2. Description of Activities- Provide description of the
field research conducted, Give a detailed discussion of
the five W’s. Who, Where, When, What, Why
3. Interpretation and Analysis- Ask yourself the
following questions:

a. What is the meaning of what you observed?

b. Why do you think what you observed happened?
c. What evidence do you have for your reasoning?

4. Conclusions and Recommendation- This should

briefly recap the entire study. Base on your conclusion
on the facts gathered. Provide your suggestions or
recommendation. 26
PREPARING AND
IMPLEMENTING RESEARCH
INSTRUMENTS
Preparing Research Instruments

A research instrument is a tool used to gather

data on a specific topic of interest.

When preparing an instrument, you must ensure that

it is valid and reliable. An instrument is valid when it
directly answers or addresses your research
questions. It is reliable when it provides you
consistent and stable data over a period of time.
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 General Guidelines in
Preparing an Instrument:
• Do a preliminary research by visiting your library or
checking online sources.
• Talk to a person who is knowledgeable in preparing
research instruments.
• Master the guidelines in preparing and
administering each type of instrument.
• Clarify your research questions. Be sure that your
instrument will directly address your specific research
questions,
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General Guidelines in
Preparing an Instrument:
• Based on the data you need, decide on the number
of people whom you want as respondents or
participants.
• Prepare the instrument using the appropriate
format. Get model instruments, if necessary. You may
visit Google Scholar to get samples of your intended
instrument.
• Edit your instrument.
• Pilot you instrument to further improve its quality.
After receiving the feedback from your pilot, make the
necessary revisions. 29
Types of Instrument
Survey- A survey contains planned questions which are used
to measure attitudes, perceptions, and opinions.
Types of question that you can use when conducting a survey:
1. Recall- asks for specific information such as years of service,
age and address.
2. Recognition- asks for a response to a specific question where
options are given such as in the case of multiple choice,
dichotomous (yes/no), and rating scale format.
3. Open-ended- elicits brief explanation or impression from the
respondent.
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Interview- Is an instrument that allows the researcher to
qualitatively gather data. Responses during an interview
are usually open-ended.

1. Pre-interview stage. It is when an interview guide is

prepared and respondents are identified and contacted.
2. Warm-up stage. It is the initial interview part of the
interview when questions that will make respondents
more at ease are asked.
3. Main interview stage. It is when the main questions
directly related to the research questions are asked.
4. Closing stage. It is when the main questions are
asked to wind down the interview and respondents are
acknowledged and thanked.
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Questionnaire
Compared with the interview, a questionnaire is more quantifiable.
It lists written questions to get specific information. Responses in a
questionnaire are usually dichotomous and use an identification
type of test. In some cases, open-ended questions are
incorporated in the questionnaire.

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Parts of a Questionnaire
1. Personal Information section- includes the name (optional),
age, date of birth, address, educational background and other
personal information. Note: that only personal information
relevant to the research study should be asked.
2. Basic questions section- serves two purposes. The first one
is to establish that the person you are asking is the right
person for the study.
3. Main questions section- contains questions that are directly
related to your research.
4. Open-ended questions section- asks for a brief explanation
or response to an open-ended question.

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 Thanks!
Any questions?

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