PERIODIC

PROPERTIES
ATOMIC RADIUS
ATOMIC RADIUS

The atomic radius of a 
chemical element is a measure of
the size of its atoms, usually the
mean or typical distance from
the nucleus to the boundary of
the surrounding cloud of 
electrons.
ATOMIC SIZE
the size of an atom depends on how
far away its outermost (valence)
electrons are from the nucleus
the atomic size is determined by
how much space the electrons take
up
 ATOMIC SIZES (IN ANGSTROMS)
1.5 0.9
8 8
0.3 n.a.
1.2
1.3 1.1
4.1 2.8 2.3 1.8 1.5 1.0
0 4
0 0 4 2 0 2
0.6 0.6
1.5 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.7 n.a.
6 4
2 2 8 7 0 1.6
1.4 1.3
1.5 0
0 5
2.1 1.9
4.4 3.4 3.6 2.9 2.4 1.7
8 4
6 4 4 2 6 6
1.0 0.9
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.1 n.a.
4 9
6 0 3 7 0 1.9
1.8 1.8
1.9 2
5 0
2.4 2.2
5.5 4.4 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.6 3.0 2.6 2.0
4 4
4 6 8 0 4 0 8 4 4 4 4 6 2 4 6 6
1.1 1.1
2.3 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 n.a.
7 4
1 7 0 6 1 5 9 6 5 4 8 3 2 2 1 1.9
2.0 1.9
2.0 7
0 5
2.8 2.6
5.9 4.9 4.5 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 4.0 3.0 2.4
3.9 3.4 4 4
6 0 4 2 6 2 8 6 8 0 2 0 6 8
0 4 1.3 1.3
2.4 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.4 n.a.
1.3 1.4 7 3
4 5 0 7 1 6 3 4 8 4 9 2 1 2.1
2.2 2.1
2.2 7
0 5
6.6 5.5 5.4 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 4.1 3.6 3.2
3.0 2.8 2.6
8 6 8 2 8 4 4 4 4 6 8 2 6 2 6
6 6 8
2.6 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.4
1.4 1.4 n.a.
2 7 8 7 3 7 7 4 5 8 4 2 1 5 6

2.2
2.7 2.2
0
A ATOMIC RADIUS DECREASES
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EXERCISE
 For each of the following sets of atoms,
decide which is larger, which is smaller,
and why.
 a.  Li, C, F
 b.  Li, Na, K
 c.  Ge, P, O
 d.  C, N, Si
 e.  Al, Cl, Br
IONIZATION ENERGY

defined as being the energy required

to remove the outermost electron
from a gaseous atom.
A "gaseous atom" means an atom that
is all by itself, not hooked up to others
in a solid or a liquid
 Going across the periodic table from left
to right, the electrons are more tightly held
by the nucleus, causing the atoms to be
smaller and the ionization energy to be
higher.
 As you go down the periodic table, the
electrons are further from the nucleus,
causing the atoms to be larger and the
ionization energies to be lower.
FIRST IONIZATION ENERGY OF SOME ELEMENTS
EXERCISE
For each of the following sets of atoms, decide
which has the highest and lowest ionization
energies and why.
 a.  Mg, Si, S
 b.  Mg, Ca, Ba
 c.  F, Cl, Br
 d.  Ba, Cu, Ne
 e.  Si, P, N
ELECTRON AFFINITY
itis the amount of energy released by
an electron when the electron joins or
attaches to an isolated atom
the electron affinity is a very specific
measure of the tendency for atoms to
gain electrons
ELECTRON AFFINITY TREND
METALLIC PROPERTY
 the tendency of an atom to lose
electrons decreases as we go from left
to right across a period and increases
from top to bottom of the periodic
table
 A low ionization energy means that it
is easy for an atom to lose electrons
and tend to become a metallic element.
 Ability to Lose Electrons

     

        H a r d

               

                                  

E a s y                            

                                   
NONMETALLIC PROPERTY
 tendency of atoms to gain electrons
increases as we go from left to right
across the periodic table
A high ionization energy means that it
is hard for an atom to lose electrons
and tend to become a nonmetallic
element.
 Ability to Gain Electrons

     

      E a s y  

               

                                   

                                   

H a r d                            
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
isa measure of the ability of
an atom or molecule to attract
pairs of electrons in the
context of a chemical bond.
SUMMARY:
SUMMARY: