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    Light: Emitting

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    Saptabrata Deb
    The document is a presentation on light emitting diodes (LEDs) that includes sections on introduction, history, construction, how LEDs work, how they emit light, how different colors are produced, types of LEDs, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. It provides details on the key inventors of LEDs, the layers that make up an LED, how electrons and holes recombine to emit light, and common LED types like SMD, RGB, and high power LEDs. Applications include use in homes, vehicles, displays, and traffic lights. Advantages are low energy use and controllability while disadvantages include temperature sensitivity and electrical polarity requirements.

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    Light: Emitting

    Uploaded by

    Saptabrata Deb
    233 views25 pages
    The document is a presentation on light emitting diodes (LEDs) that includes sections on introduction, history, construction, how LEDs work, how they emit light, how different colors are produced, types of LEDs, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. It provides details on the key inventors of LEDs, the layers that make up an LED, how electrons and holes recombine to emit light, and common LED types like SMD, RGB, and high power LEDs. Applications include use in homes, vehicles, displays, and traffic lights. Advantages are low energy use and controllability while disadvantages include temperature sensitivity and electrical polarity requirements.

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    LED PPT

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    The document is a presentation on light emitting diodes (LEDs) that includes sections on introduction, history, construction, how LEDs work, how they emit light, how different colors are produced, types of LEDs, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. It provides details on the key inventors of LEDs, the layers that make up an LED, how electrons and holes recombine to emit light, and common LED types like SMD, RGB, and high power LEDs. Applications include use in homes, vehicles, displays, and traffic lights. Advantages are low energy use and controllability while disadvantages include temperature sensitivity and electrical polarity requirements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    233 views25 pages

    Light: Emitting

    Uploaded by

    Saptabrata Deb
    The document is a presentation on light emitting diodes (LEDs) that includes sections on introduction, history, construction, how LEDs work, how they emit light, how different colors are produced, types of LEDs, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. It provides details on the key inventors of LEDs, the layers that make up an LED, how electrons and holes recombine to emit light, and common LED types like SMD, RGB, and high power LEDs. Applications include use in homes, vehicles, displays, and traffic lights. Advantages are low energy use and controllability while disadvantages include temperature sensitivity and electrical polarity requirements.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    SWAMI VIVEKANANDA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE

    &TECHNOLOGY
    PRESENTATION ON:

    LED
    ( LIGHT EMITTING DIODE )

    *Presented by :
    Kaushik Das (24100316089)
    Kartik Mahato (24100316090)
    Koushik Mondal (24100316088)
    Poushali Dey (24100316076)
    Tanmoy Debnath (24100317003)
    SCOPE:
    • Introduction
    • History
    • Layers
    • Construction Of LED
    • How LED Works???
    • How LED emits light???
    • How Different Colours Are Produced in LED???
    • Led connection
    • Types of LED
    • Applications
    • Advantages
    • Disadvantages
    • Conclusion
    • References
    INTRODUCTION

    What is LED???
     A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that
    emits light when an electric current is passed through it.

     Since light is generated within the solid semiconductor


    material, LEDs are described as solid-state devices.
    HISTORY
     H.J Round of Marconi labs, discovered electroluminescence in 1907.
     Oleg Losev in 1927 reported the creation of 1 st LED.
     Nick Holonyak in 1962 developed the 1 st visible-spectrum LED.

    H.J Round Oleg Losev Nick Holonyak


    LAYERS OF LED:

    A Light Emitting Diode (LED) consists of three layers:

     P- type Region

     N- type Region

     Active Region
    CONSTRUCTION OF LED:
     The construction of LED is similar to the normal p-n junction diode except that gallium, phosphorus
    and arsenic materials are used for construction instead of silicon or germanium materials.

     One of the methods used to construct LED is to deposit three


    semiconductor layers on the substrate. 
    HOW LED WORKS???

    • Light Emitting Diode (LED) works only in forward bias condition.

    • Recombination takes place in the depletion region as well as in the


    p type & n type region.
    HOW LED EMITS LIGHT???
    • The energy level of free electrons in the conduction band is high compared to the energy level
    of valence electrons or holes in the valence band. Therefore, free electrons in the conduction
    band need to lose energy in order to recombine with the holes in the valence band. 

    • The free electrons lose energy in the form of light and recombine with the holes in the
    valence band. Each recombination of charge carrier will emit some light energy.
    VI CHARACTERISTICS
    HOW DIFFERENT COLORS ARE PRODUCED IN LED???

    The material used for constructing LED determines its colour . In other words, the
    wavelength or colour of the emitted light depends on the forbidden gap or energy gap
    of the material.

    • Gallium arsenide LEDs emit red and infrared light .

    • Gallium nitride LEDs emit bright blue light.

    • Aluminium gallium phosphide LEDs emit green light.


    LED CONNECTION:

    The above diagram shows a basic circuit for an LED connection.

    • The resistor in series is known as limiting resistor. It protects the LED from excess current.

    • For testing purpose 1K resistor is suitable for most of the LEDs.


    TYPES OF LEDs
    There are various types of LED present in the market .Like:

    • SMD LED
    • ELED
    • Bi-Colour LED
    • RGB LED
    • High Power LED
    • Inorganic LED
    • Organic LED
    SMD LED
    (Surface Mounted Devices LED)

    Surface Mount or SMD LEDs are a special packages that can be easily surface mount on
    a PCB. SMD LEDs are usually differentiated based on their physical dimensions. For
    example, the most common SMD LEDs are 3528 and 5050
    Edge LED
     The feedback mechanism is suppressed to prevent the device to go to a
    saturated emission mode. At the heterojunctio, the guiding principle for
    optical power is total internal reflection, which guides the power out at the
    emitting facet of LED via path which is parallel to the junction.
     The core region of the wave guide guides the light. Core layer have
    more refractive index than that of the cladding in this case. At the
    boundaries of core region and the upper and lower boundaries of cladding
    layers, total internal reflection occurs. When provided with forward biasing
    using a DC source , recombination of electrons and holes at the thin n-
    AlGaAs would occur. At the edge of the active layer few photons would
    escape.
    Bi-Colour LED
    • As the name suggests, can emit two colours.

    • Bi-colour LEDs have three leads, usually two anodes and a common cathode.

    • Depending on the configuration of the leads, the colour will be activated.


    RGB LED
    (RED GREEN BLUE LED)
    • RGB LED products combine these three colors to produce over 16 million hues of
    light.

    • There are two kinds of RGB LEDs: common anode LED and common cathode LED.

    • RGB LEDs have four leads—one for each LED and another for the common anode
    or cathode. You can identify each lead by its length, as shown in the following figure:
    HIGH POWER LED

    • An LED with power rating greater than or equal to 1 Watt is called a High Power
    LED. This is because, normal LEDs have a power dissipation of few mill watts.

    • High – Power LEDs are very bright and are often used in Flashlights, Automobile
    Headlamps, Spotlights, et.

    • Since the power dissipation of High – power LEDs is high, proper cooling and
    usage of heat sinks is required. Also, the input power requirement for these LEDs will
    be usually very high. 
    Inorganic LED

    • It is manufactured from inorganic materials.

    • Some of the more widely used are compound semiconductors such as Aluminium
    gallium arsenide, Gallium arsenide phosphide, and many more.

    • These LEDs are typified by the small LED lamps that are used as panel indicators

    • Inorganic LEDS are prized for their low power consumption and are rapidly
    replacing conventional incandescent light bulbs
    Organic LED (OLED)

    • OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diodes) is a flat light emitting technology, made by
    placing a series of organic thin films between two conductors.

    • When electrical current is applied, a bright light is emitted. OLEDs are emissive
    displays that do not require a backlight and so are thinner and more efficient than LCD
    OLED Vs INORGANIC LED:
    APPLICATIONS OF LED:
    There are many applications of the LED and some of them are explained below:

    • LED is used as a bulb in the homes and industries

    • The light emitting diodes are used in the motorcycles and cars

    • These are used in the mobile phones to display the message

    • At the traffic light signals LED’s are used


    ADVANTAGES OF LEDs:

    • Light emitting diodes consume low energy.

    • LEDs are very cheap and readily available.

    • The brightness of light emitted by LED is depends on the current flowing


    through the LED. Hence, the brightness of LED can be easily controlled by varying
    the current. This makes possible to operate LED displays under different ambient
    lighting conditions.
    DISADVANTAGES OF LEDs:

    • At high temperatures there are changes in the parameters of the current passing t
    through the semiconductor elements, which can lead to burning out of the LED module.

    • Unlike incandescent light bulbs, which illuminate regardless of the electrical polarity
    , LEDs will only light with correct electrical polarity.

    • The efficiency of LEDs decreases as the electric current increases. Heating also
    Increases with higher currents which compromises the lifetime of the LED. 
    CONCLUSION:

    Light Emitting Diodes has such a profound impact on society. It affects


    our daily lives as well as activities. It is used in so many applications and
    so many places. As this technology expands, so does our horizon and our
    conquest for the betterment of today’s technology. Light Emitting Diodes
    truly is a great invention of the age.
    REFERENCE

    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode#Discoveries_and_early_devices

    • https://www.ledsmagazine.com/articles/2004/01/what-is-an-led.html

    • https://microcontrollerslab.com/light-emitting-diode-working/

    • https://www.electronicshub.org/led-light-emitting-diode/

    • https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/advantages-disadvantages-led-lucas-du/

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