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    Lesson 1. Intro To Conic Sections

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    9 TESLA-Mc Arron Tecson
    This document provides an introduction to conic sections including circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas. It discusses their histories, key properties, standard equations, and examples. Conic sections are curves formed by the intersection of a plane and a double cone. The Greeks made important early discoveries about their properties. Later, Kepler determined planets orbit in ellipses and Galileo studied projectile motion in parabolas. Today, conic sections continue to have applications in optics, engineering, and astronomy.

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    Lesson 1. Intro To Conic Sections

    Uploaded by

    9 TESLA-Mc Arron Tecson
    64 views53 pages
    This document provides an introduction to conic sections including circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas. It discusses their histories, key properties, standard equations, and examples. Conic sections are curves formed by the intersection of a plane and a double cone. The Greeks made important early discoveries about their properties. Later, Kepler determined planets orbit in ellipses and Galileo studied projectile motion in parabolas. Today, conic sections continue to have applications in optics, engineering, and astronomy.

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    Lesson 1. Intro to Conic Sections

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    This document provides an introduction to conic sections including circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas. It discusses their histories, key properties, standard equations, and examples. Conic sections are curves formed by the intersection of a plane and a double cone. The Greeks made important early discoveries about their properties. Later, Kepler determined planets orbit in ellipses and Galileo studied projectile motion in parabolas. Today, conic sections continue to have applications in optics, engineering, and astronomy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    64 views53 pages

    Lesson 1. Intro To Conic Sections

    Uploaded by

    9 TESLA-Mc Arron Tecson
    This document provides an introduction to conic sections including circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas. It discusses their histories, key properties, standard equations, and examples. Conic sections are curves formed by the intersection of a plane and a double cone. The Greeks made important early discoveries about their properties. Later, Kepler determined planets orbit in ellipses and Galileo studied projectile motion in parabolas. Today, conic sections continue to have applications in optics, engineering, and astronomy.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 53

    Introduction to Conic

    Sections

    Teacher Aldwin N. Petronio


    • A conic section is a curve formed
    by the intersection of a plane and
    a double cone.
    History
    • Conic sections is one of the oldest
    math subject studied.
    • The conics were discovered by Greek
    mathematician Menaechmus (c. 375-
    325 BC)
    • Menaechmus’s intelligence was highly
    regarded… he tutored Alexander the
    Great.
    History
    • Appollonius (c. 262-190 BC) wrote about
    conics in his series of books simply titled
    “Conic Sections”.
    • Appollonious’ nickname was “the Great Appollonius
    Geometer”
    • He was the first to base the theory of all three
    conics on sections of one circular cone.
    • He is also the one to give the name “ellipse”,
    “parabola”, and “hyperbola”.
    Circles
    Circles
    The set of all points that are the same distance
    from the center.

    Standard Equation:

    CENTER: (h, k) (h , k)

    RADIUS: r (square root) r


    Example 1

    h k
    r²
    Center: (h,k) = (2-8 )

    Radius: r =9
    Example 2

    Center ?
    Radius ?
    Ellipses
    • Salami is often cut obliquely to obtain elliptical slices,
    which are larger.
    Ellipses
    Basically, an ellipse is a squished circle

    Standard Equation:

    (h , k)
    a
    b

    Center: (h,k)
    a: major radius, length from center to edge of circle
    b: minor radius, length from center to top/bottom of circle
    * You must square root the denominator
    History
    • Early Greek astronomers thought that the planets moved in
    circular orbits about an unmoving earth, since the circle is the
    simplest mathematical curve.
    • In the 17th century, Johannes Kepler eventually discovered that
    each planet travels around the sun in an elliptical orbit with the
    sun at one of its foci.
    Science
    • On a far smaller scale, the electrons of an
    atom move in an approximately elliptical
    orbit with the nucleus at one focus.
    • Any cylinder sliced on an angle
    will reveal an ellipse in cross-
    section

    • (as seen in the Tycho Brahe


    Planetarium in Copenhagen).
    Properties of Ellipses
    • The ellipse has an important property that is used in the reflection of
    light and sound waves.
    • Any light or signal that starts at one focus will be reflected to the
    other focus.
    • The principle is also used in the
    construction of "whispering
    galleries" such as in St. Paul's
    Cathedral in London.
    • If a person whispers near one
    focus, he can be heard at the
    other focus, although he cannot
    be heard at many places in
    between.
    Example 3
    This must
    equal 1

    a² b2

    Center: (-4 , 5)
    a: 5
    b: 2
    Parabolas
    vertex Parabolas
    vertex

    Standard Equations:

    p>0 Opens UP Opens RIGHT

    p<0 Opens DOWN Opens LEFT


    • One of nature's best approximations to
    parabolas is the path of a projectile.
    • This discovery by Galileo in the 17th century made it
    possible for cannoneers to work out the kind of path a
    cannonball would travel if it were hurtled through the air at a
    specific angle.
    • Parabolas exhibit unusual and useful reflective
    properties.
    • If a light is placed at the focus of a parabolic mirror,
    the light will be reflected in rays parallel to its axis.
    • In this way a straight beam of light is formed.
    • It is for this reason that parabolic surfaces are used
    for headlamp reflectors.
    • The bulb is placed at the focus for the high beam
    and in front of the focus for the low beam.
    • The opposite principle is used in the
    giant mirrors in reflecting telescopes
    and in antennas used to collect light
    and radio waves from outer space:
    • ...the beam comes toward the
    parabolic surface and is brought into
    focus at the focal point.
    Example 4

    opens
    What is the vertex? (-2 , 5)
    How does it open?
    down
    Example 5

    opens
    What is the vertex? How
    (0 , 2) does it open? right
    The Hyperbola

    • If a right circular cone is intersected by a plane


    perpendicular to its axis, part of a hyperbola is
    formed.
    • Such an intersection can occur in physical situations
    as simple as sharpening a pencil that has a
    polygonal cross section or in the patterns formed on
    a wall by a lamp shade.
    Hyperbolas
    Hyperbolas
    Looks like: two parabolas, back to back.
    Center: (h , k) Standard Equations:

    Opens LEFT and RIGHT Opens UP and DOWN


    (h , k)
    (h , k)
    Hyperbolas – Transverse Axis
    Hyperbolas - Application
    A sonic boom shock wave has the shape
    of a cone, and it intersects the ground in
    part of a hyperbola. It hits every point on
    this curve at the same time, so that
    people in different places along the curve
    on the ground hear it at the same time.
    Because the airplane is moving forward,
    the hyperbolic curve moves forward and
    eventually the boom can be heard by
    everyone in its path.
    Example 6

    Center: (-4 , 5)

    Opens: Left and right


    Name the conic section and its
    center or vertex.
    Assignment:
    1. Find the center point of the following circle x2 + y2 + 8x + 4y - 3 = 40.
    2. Give the standard equation of the circle satisfying the given condition in Figure 1.7
    3. Which answer choice shows the center of the circle with the equation x 2 +
    y2 -8x +14y +57.

    4. Find the standard equation of the parabola with focus F(0, -3.5) and
    directrix y = 3.5.
    5. Find the standard equation of the hyperbola which satisfies the given
    condition:

    6. What kind of symmetry does a circle have?


    7. Find the standard equation of the hyperbola which satisfies the given
    condition:
    Center (-6, 9), a vertex (-6, 15), conjugate axis of length 12

    8. Give the standard equation of the circle satisfying the given condition:
    center at the origin, radius 4. Give the standard equation of the circle
    satisfying the given condition: center at the origin, radius 4.
    9. Determine the asymptotes of the equation:

    10. What is the standard form of the equation of the circle x 2 + y2 + 10x - 4y -
    7 = 0?
    11. In order to graph a circle one must graph all the points that are
    equidistant from _________.

    12. A semielliptical tunnel has height 9 ft and a width of 30 ft. A truck that is
    about to pass through is 12 ft wide and 8.3 ft high. Will this truck be able to
    pass through the tunnel? Yes or no?

    13. An orbit of a satellite around a planet is an ellipse, with the planet at one
    focus of this ellipse. The distance of the satellite from this star varies from
    300,000 km to 500,000 km, attained when the satellite is at each of the two
    vertices. Find the equation of this ellipse, if its center is at the origin, and the
    vertices are on the x-axis. Assume all units are in 100,000 km.
    14. Find the standard equation of the hyperbola which satisfies the given
    condition:
    Foci (-4, -3) and (-4, 13), the absolute value of the difference of the distances
    of any point from the foci is 14.
    15. Determine the directrix of the parabola with the equation x2 - 6x + 5y =
    -34. Answer in complete equation. (For example: y = 5)

    16. Find the standard equation of the ellipse which satisfies the given
    conditions.
    b. center (5,3), horizontal major axis of length 20, minor axis of length 16.

    17. Find the standard equation of the ellipse which satisfies the given
    conditions.
    •c.major axis of length 22, foci 9 units above and below the center (2,4)
    18. Determine the axis of symmetry of the parabola with the
    equation x2 - 6x + 5y = -34. Answer in complete equation.
    (For example: x = -4.3)
    Acknowledgements
    http://hotmath.com/hotmath_help/topics/parabolas.html

    http://www.funwearsports.com/NHL/CAPITALS/WCDomedH
    ockeyPuck.gif
    Mathwarehouse.com
    http://britton.disted.camosun.bc.ca/jbconics.htm
    schools.paulding.k12.ga.us/.../Introduction_to_Conics.ppt

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