American Revolution

(1765-1783)
Group Members
 Syed Anas Ahmed
 Hurma Shahid
 Ammar Khan
 Alizain Punjwani
 Jemima Nadeem
Content

 Introduction War Begins

 Treaty of Paris Declaration of Independence
 Sugar Act Northern Battles
 Stamp Act Southern Battles
 Quartering act Ninety-Six
 Townshend acts Britain Surrenders
 Boston Massacre Aftermath
 First continental References
congress
Introduction
 Revolution is a forceable overthrow of a government of social
order, in favor of a new system.

 American Revolution is also called a U.S war on independence -

was the insurrection fought between 1775 and 1783 through
which 13 or great Britain’s north American colonies threw off
British rule to establish sovereign United States of America.
 Treaty of Paris (1763)
 Treaty of Paris ends the 7 years war fought
between the French and the British

 France surrenders its territory to the

British crown

 Native Americans fought alongside the

French so the lost an ally

 The war was very costly for the British,

that’s why they imposed new taxes and
duties on the colony settlers
 Sugar Act (1764)
 Was the first catalyst for American
Revolution

 Stated that taxes and commercial regulations

will be imposed on non-British products like
Sugar, Coffee, Indigo and Madera Wine.

 This forced colonists to import goods which

they could not grow or produce solely from
the British

 Anyone caught smuggling will be subjected

to trail without jury
 Stamp Act (1765)

 Britain passes stamp act on printed material.

 Includes Newspapers, Magazines, Legal

documents and even playing cards.

 Required that all the printed material be

produced on stamped paper made in London.

 It was heavily opposed by the colonists and even

merchants.
 Quartering act (1765)
 This required the colonists to provide residence, fuel,
food, drink and transportation to the British soldiers
stationed there.
 This created a havoc in the colonies as the soldiers
would toss residents out of their beds to accommodate
themselves.
 Colonists said that their consent should be required first
if they even wanted soldiers to settle near them.
 Colonists refused to comply with this act.
 British Soldiers eventually settled in public places like
inns and not private residence.
 Due to this act, soldiers and colonists were often seen in
street brawls.
 Townshend Acts (1767)
 Were 4 laws passed by the British government
 Suspending Act: Said to seize business until
colonies complied with the quartering act
 Revenue Act: Required colonies to pay taxes on
tea, lead, glass, paper and paint. Since Britain help
monopoly in these products, colonies had no other
way to import it.
 Indemnity Act: This reduced duties on tea
imported into England by the British east India
company. This way Britain could export tea easily
and cheaply into colonies. This was used to
compete with Dutch smuggled tea into the colonies.
 Commissioners of Customs Act: Created a new
customs board to enforce shipping regulations and
counter smuggling. Lead to the Boston Massacre.
Boston Massacre (1770)
 It was a confrontation between the British soldiers and colonists
 There was a protest from a crowd of 300-400 people
 Some of the people in front were abusing the British soldiers
verbally and throwing rocks at them.
 This resulted in the death of 3 (5 according to some sources)
people who were shot by the British soldiers.
 First Continental Congress (1774)
 In 1774, delegates from 13 colonies except Georgia
gathered to discuss and unite their resistance against the
coercive acts by the British imposed on the colonies.

 This was necessary because Britain refused to have

American colonist representative in it’s parliament.

 The goal and emphasis was equality and promotion of free

debate.

 The congress affirmed its loyalty to the crown but rejected

its taxation policies.

 It stated if the Britain failed to readdress the issues and

grievances of colonists then it will hold a session again and
cease to export goods to Britain from the colonies.
 War begins (1775)
 The war begins as the first shots were fired at Lexington and
Concord in Massachusetts.
 Thousands of colonists volunteered to participate in the continental
army
 They were also called “Minute Men”.
 Britain offered freedom to any slaves that fought alongside British
forces
 Fewer slaves joined the continental army as they had policies that
discouraged their enlistment
 Battle of Moores Creek, South Carolina resulted in British loyalist
and Navy defeats.
 Battle of Bunker hill resulted in colonists abandoning their original
positions but inflicting heavy casualties on the British forces after
holding their ground for more than 2 hours. Out of 2,200 British
infantrymen, 1000 were either dead or wounded (unable to fight).
Declaration of Independence (1776)
 Declaration of Independence was adopted by second continental
congress.
 Was a result of decade of heavy tax imposition, a year of war.
 Congress decides to openly break off with the Crown
 King George was stubborn and wasn’t letting his subjects
(colonists) go without putting up a fight.
 Loyalist sentiment was still strong in some areas on the colonies.
 Congress stated that its primary allegiance was towards the state
and its citizens and not with the Crown.
 Northern Battles (1777-1778)
 Battle of Saratoga (Oct, 1777):
 Resulted in British Defeat
 More than 6000 British Troops surrendered
 Helped induce France to join Americans in the war
 Winter of Change (Dec, 1777):
 Continental Army was trained in the winters at Pennsylvania
 It was more unified & disciplined, supplies were improved
 France Enters the war (Feb, 1778):
 Result of victory at Saratoga and American diplomatic efforts
 French financial and military aid was crucial in winning the war
 Battle of Ohio (May-Dec, 1778):
 150 men of continental army under command of George Rogers Clark
 Captured several British posts
 Convinced French speaking locals to support the continental army
 Southern Battles
 Fall of Charleston (May, 1780):
 British defeated a large continental army.
 One of the worst defeats of the war.
 Broader British strategy to hold onto the South as North was falling.
 Battle of Kings Mountain (Oct, 1780):
 Battle between Americans.
 One side were loyalists under Maj. Patrick Ferguson other were patriots from Carolina(s), Virginia and Tennessee.
 Resulted in the patriot victory and revived hope.
 Battle of Cowpens (Jan, 1781):
 Continental Soldiers defeat British forces.
 Helped patriots think that British strategy can be countered.
 Guilford Courthouse (March, 1781):
 This battle was a part of Gen. Nathanael Greene’s Strategy of wearing down the British troops through hit and run tactics
 This forces British troops to fight on the ground of opponent’s choosing
 The patriots didn’t win a single clear-cut battle but wore down enemies' supplies, morale and succeeded on separating
them from their own territory.
Southern Battles (Contd.)
 Ninety-Six (1781)
 It was the longest siege of the War

 British garrison was isolated at a town called Ninety-Six

 Patriot forces under command of Gen. Nathanael Greene laid a

28 day siege at the fort

 Patriots were unable to capture the fort despite having more men

 The strength of men were

 1000-1500 (Patriots)
 550 (Loyalists)

 It resulted in British victory as Greene fled when Lord Rawdon

came as a backup for the trapped British troops
 Britain surrenders (1781)
 A joint French and American
force traps a large British army
at Yorktown.
 British forces were unable to
evacuate or receive
reinforcements.
 French fleet drove off a British
fleet.
 Gen. Cornwallis leading the
British army surrendered.
Aftermath

 Evacuation of around 100,000 Loyalists begins

 They were largely unwelcome in America
 They moved to Canada, Britain and British colonies in the West Indies
 Treaty of Paris (1783) officially ended the war with American victory
 13 North American states declared independence from the crown
 Canada remained a British province
 Another war with Britain (1812-1815) truly secured the American nation
 War proved devastating to the native Americans (Red Indians) with no
European allies like French to rely upon and colonists moving west from the
original 13 states.
 References

 Websites:
 https://www.britannica.com/event/American-Revolution
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolution
 https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/american-revolution-history

 Videos:
 OverSimplified (YouTube Channel)
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gzALIXcY4pg (Part I)
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtYC2jx1LM0 (Part II)