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    MSE561: Phase Transformations, Kinetics, and Diffusion in Solids

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    Hussain Ali
    This document provides an overview of a lecture on regular solutions and binary alloys. It discusses the regular solution model, enthalpy of mixing, effects of temperature on mixing versus demixing, activity, real solutions such as superlattices and intermetallic compounds, and ordered phases. Key concepts covered include how enthalpy and entropy influence the free energy of mixing and determine whether a solid solution or phase separation is thermodynamically favored.

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    MSE561: Phase Transformations, Kinetics, and Diffusion in Solids

    Uploaded by

    Hussain Ali
    63 views22 pages
    This document provides an overview of a lecture on regular solutions and binary alloys. It discusses the regular solution model, enthalpy of mixing, effects of temperature on mixing versus demixing, activity, real solutions such as superlattices and intermetallic compounds, and ordered phases. Key concepts covered include how enthalpy and entropy influence the free energy of mixing and determine whether a solid solution or phase separation is thermodynamically favored.

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    MSE561_Lect3_Jiao

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    This document provides an overview of a lecture on regular solutions and binary alloys. It discusses the regular solution model, enthalpy of mixing, effects of temperature on mixing versus demixing, activity, real solutions such as superlattices and intermetallic compounds, and ordered phases. Key concepts covered include how enthalpy and entropy influence the free energy of mixing and determine whether a solid solution or phase separation is thermodynamically favored.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    63 views22 pages

    MSE561: Phase Transformations, Kinetics, and Diffusion in Solids

    Uploaded by

    Hussain Ali
    This document provides an overview of a lecture on regular solutions and binary alloys. It discusses the regular solution model, enthalpy of mixing, effects of temperature on mixing versus demixing, activity, real solutions such as superlattices and intermetallic compounds, and ordered phases. Key concepts covered include how enthalpy and entropy influence the free energy of mixing and determine whether a solid solution or phase separation is thermodynamically favored.

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    MSE561: Phase Transformations,

    Kinetics, and Diffusion in Solids

    3. Regular Solutions --- Model of Binary Alloy

    Yang Jiao

    Materials Science & Engineering


    School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy
    Arizona State University
    Tempe, AZ 85287-6016

    Lecture time T/Th 10:30 – 11:45 AM


    https://asu.zoom.us/j/2759304275
    Topics Covered:

    • Regular Solution
    • Enthalpy of Mixing
    • Effects of Temperature, Mixing vs De-mixing
    • Activity
    • Real Solutions
    • Ordered Phase & Intermetallic Compounds
    Solution vs. Phase Separated State

    Which phase (i.e., separated vs. mixing) is


    thermodynamically more stable?
    3
    Solution vs. Phase Separated State

    Enthalpy of Mixing

    Entropy of Mixing

    Free Energy of Mixing

    4
    Regular Solution

    Enthalpy of Mixing

    H mix  0

    Free Energy of Mixing

    Entropy of Mixing plays the same role as for


    ideal solutions!

    What is the effect of Enthalpy of Mixing?

    5
    Simple model for enthalpy of mixing

    6
    Simple model for enthalpy of mixing

    Enthalpy before mixing:

    H1  nA AA  nB BB

    nAA – number of A-A bonds


    nBB – number of B-B bonds

    Each A atom has 4 bonds; Each bond is shared by 2 atoms

    nAA = 2NA (number of A atoms)


    nBB = 2NB (number of B atoms)

    H1  2 N A AA  2 N B BB

    7
    Simple model for enthalpy of mixing

    Enthalpy after mixing:

    H 2  PAA AA  PBB BB  PAB AB


    PAA – number of A-A bonds
    PBB – number of B-B bonds
    PAB – number of A-B bonds

    Each A-A bond contributes to ½ A atom;

    Each B-B bond contributes to ½ B atom;

    Each A-B bond contributes to ¼ A atom and ¼ B atom;

    1 1 1 1
    N A  PAA  PAB N B  PBB  PAB
    2 4 2 4
    8
    Simple model for enthalpy of mixing

    H1  2 N A AA  2 N B BB H 2  PAA AA  PBB BB  PAB AB


    1 1 1 1
    NA  PAA  PAB N B  PBB  PAB
    2 4 2 4
    Enthalpy of Mixing
    H1  PAA AA  PBB BB  P 1
    AB 2  A   B 

    9
    Simple model for enthalpy of mixing

    Enthalpy of Mixing

    H1  PAA AA  PBB BB  PAB 1


    2  A   B 
    H 2  PAA AA  PBB BB  PAB AB

    epsilon = 0 -> Ideal Solution!

    Need to find how PAB depends on XA


    and XB!

    10
    Simple model for enthalpy of mixing

    Na – Avogadro’s number
    z – coordination number
    XA – molar fraction of A atoms
    XB – molar fraction of B atoms

    This equation also holds for non-zero epsilon, given its value
    is not too large!

    Most real alloys do not meet this requirement, thus, insights


    obtained here are only qualitative!

    11
    Simple model for enthalpy of mixing

    Enthalpy of Mixing

    The sign of Omega, inherited from epsilon,


    determines the enthalpy of mixing!

    12
    Solution vs. Phase Separated State

    Free Energy of Mixing

    Enthalpy vs. Entropy, which would play a


    more important role?

    13
    Free energy of solid solution

    Both Enthalpy and Entropy favors mixing!

    14
    Free energy of solid solution

    Enthalpy and Entropy are competing with one another!

    Temperature induced phase transition is expected! 15


    Free energy of the solid solution

    Can we write these in a similar form as ideal solutions?

    16
    Chemical Potential of Regular Solution and Activity
    Introducing Activity:

    Activity includes effects of both atomic interactions


    (enthalpy) and molar fraction (entropy)! 17
    Brief overview of real solutions

    18
    Brief overview of real solutions

    Superlattice: alloying atoms take the original crystal lattice

    Superlattice (superalloy) only occurs at certain


    compositions! 19
    Brief overview of real solutions
    Intermetallic compounds: alloying atoms take a new crystal
    structure, distinct from original structures

    Intermetallic compound only occurs at certain compositions! 20


    Topics Covered:

    • Regular Solution
    • Enthalpy of Mixing
    • Effects of Temperature, Mixing vs De-mixing
    • Activity
    • Real Solutions
    • Ordered Phase & Intermetallic Compounds
    Thank You!

    Questions?

    22

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