Stoichiometry-1: Chemical Nomenclature (Iupac)

STOICHIOMETRY-1
CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE
(IUPAC)
🞆 Stoichiometry 🡪 the quantitative study of reactants and
products in a chemical reaction
🞆 Chemical nomenclature 🡪 naming of substances

☞ nomen (name) and calare (to call)
🞆 Base on division of substance to organic and inorganic
🞆 Organic 🡪 contains C usually in combination with elements

(H, O, N, S)
🞆 Inorganic 🡪 ionic compound, molecular compound and acids
🞆Is the system of names that chemists use to identify

compounds.
🞆Ideally, every chemical compound can be given a

name that not only defines it uniquely but also
allows chemist to know the compound’s chemical
structure.
GROUP ACTIVITY
🞆 Sit in a group (HOME group)
🞆 Assign each member a number from 1 to 4.
🞆 Form EXPERT groups with members of the same
number.
🞆 Discussion time given in Expert groups is 20 min.
🞆 When 20 min is up, go back to your HOME group and
take turns to help the other members understand the
aspect that you are an expert on.
🞆 Discussion time in the HOME group is 30 min.
🞆 Presentation(40 min).
🞆 Assessment by Quizizz/ Kahoot (10 min).
🞆 Reflection (10 min)
GROUP ACTIVITY
🞆 Discuss in expert groups:

⚫ Naming Cation & Anion (monoatomic, polyatomic,
anion with H) – member no. 1 & no. 4
⚫ Ionic compound (formula/empirical formula, naming
ionic cpd, binary & polyatomic cpd) – member no. 2
⚫ Naming molecular compound – member no. 3
NAMING
IONIC COMPOUND
Ion
⚫ a charged species formed from a neutral atom or molecule
when electrons are gained or lost as the result of a
chemical change.
Cation
⚫ an ion with a positive charge
☞ Na+, Zn2+
Anion
⚫ an ion with a negative charge
☞ Cl-, O2-
Continued…
Monoatomic ion
⚫ contains only one atom
☞ K+, Br-
Polyatomic ion
⚫ contains more than one atom
☞ OH-, CN-, NH4+
COMMON CATIONS
Aluminum Al+3 Magnesium Mg+2
Ammonium NH4+ Manganese(II) Mn+2
Barium Ba+2 Manganese(III) Mn+3
Calcium Ca+2 Mercury(I) Hg2+2
Chromium(II) Cr+2 Mercury(II) Hg+2
Chromium(III) Cr+3 Nitronium NO2+
Copper(I) Cu+ Potassium K+
Copper(II) Cu+2 Silver Ag+
Iron(II) Fe+2 Sodium Na+
Iron(III) Fe+3 Strontium Sr+2
Hydrogen H+ Tin(II) Sn+2
Hydronium H3 O+ Tin(IV) Sn+4
Lead(II) Pb+2 Zinc Zn+2
Lithium Li+
NAMING CATIONS
☞Elements of Group 1, Group 2, and Group 13

form only one type of cation
☞ the name of the cation is the name of the metal

followed by the word “ion”
NAMING CATIONS
Group 1 (1A) Group 2 (2A) Group 13 (3A)
Ion Name Ion Name Ion Name
Hydrogen Magnesium Aluminum
H+ Mg2+ Al3+
ion ion ion
Li+ Lithium ion Ca2+ Calcium ion
Na+ sodium ion Sr2+ Strontium

ion
Potassium
K+ Ba2+ Barium ion
ion
☞ certain metals (especially transition metals),
form more than one kind of cation (with
different charges) :
⚫ use Roman numerals to show charge
Fe2+ Fe3+
Iron (II) ion Iron (III) ion

(ferrous) (ferric)
Cu+ Cu2+
Copper (I) ion Copper (II) ion

(cuprous) (cupric)
❖ Mn2+ 🡪 manganese (II) ion
❖ Mn3+ 🡪 manganese (III) ion
❖ Sn2+ 🡪 tin (II) ion

❖ Sn4+ 🡪 tin (IV) ion
❖ Hg2+ 🡪 mercury (II) ion
❖ Hg22+ 🡪 mercury (I) ion
☞ Cations from non-metal, add “ium” to the end
NH4+ H3O+
ammonium hydronium
NAMING ANIONS
☞ monoatomic anions, add “ide” to the end.
☞ Certain polyatomic anions, add “ide” to the end.
OH- CN- O22-
Hydroxide Cyanide ion Peroxide ion

ion
☞ Anion with H, add word hydrogen at prefix
HCO3- HPO42-
Hydrogen carbonate Hydrogen phosphate

(bicarbonate
)
HSO4- H2PO4-
Hydrogen sulfate Dihydrogen phosphate

(bisulfate
)
NAMES AND FORMULAE OF SOME
POLYATOMIC IONS
*** Correction: HPO32- change to HPO42-

OTHERS COMMON ANIONS
Thiosulfate S2O32- Hypobromite OBr-

Perchlorate ClO4- Chromate CrO42-
Chlorate ClO3- dichromate Cr2O72-
Chlorite ClO2- formate HCOO-
Hypochlorite OCl- Amide NH2-
Sulfide S2- Peroxide O22-

Nitride N3- Oxalate C2O42-
Iodate IO3-
Bromate BrO3-
FORMULAE OF IONIC COMPOUNDS
The total number of positive charges must equal

the total number of negative charges
⚫ lithium ion (Li+) and bromide ion (Br-) form litium

bromide (LiBr)
LiBr: (+1) + (-1) = 0
⚫ barium ion (Ba2+) and iodide ion (I-) form barium

iodide (BaI2)
BaI2: (+2) + 2(-1) = 0
⚫aluminum ion (Al3+) and sulfide ion (S2-)
Al2S3 : 2(+3) + 3(-2) = 0
⚫calcium ion (Ca2+) and bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)

Ca(HCO3)2
⚫potassium ion (K+) and phosphate ion (PO43-)

K3PO4
EXERCISE
What are the empirical formulas of the compounds

formed by:
a) Al3+ and Cl-

b) Al3+ and O2-
c) Na+ and PO43-
d) Fe3+ and CO32-
e) Sn2+ and Cl-
f) Mn3+ and CrO42-
NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS
☞ Binary ionic compounds (contain only 2 different
elements)
the name of metal from which the +ve ion is

formed followed by the name of the -ve ion
AlCl3 → aluminum chloride

LiBr → lithium bromide
Ag2S → silver sulfide
MgO → magnesium oxide
KCl → potassium chloride
☞ BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS OF METALS THAT FORM TWO
DIFFERENT CATIONS
⮚ for systematic names: use Roman numerals

to show charge on the metal ion.
⮚ for common names: use the -ous, -ic suffixes
Example
⮚ FeO
→ iron(II) oxide or ferrous oxide
⮚ Fe2O3
→ iron(III) oxide or ferric oxide
⮚ CuO
→ copper(II) oxide or cupric oxide
⮚ Cu2O
→ copper(I) oxide or cuprous oxide
☞ IONIC COMPOUNDS THAT CONTAIN POLYATOMIC
IONS
Example
⚫ NaNO3
→ sodium nitrate
⚫ CaCO3
→ calcium carbonate
⚫ NH4OH
→ ammonium hydroxide
⚫NaH2PO4
→ sodium dihydrogen phosphate
⚫ FeCO3
→ iron(II) carbonate or ferrous carbonate
⚫Fe2(CO3)3
→ iron(III) carbonate or ferric carbonate
⚫ CuSO4
→ copper(II) sulfate or cupric sulfate
NAMING
MOLECULAR COMPOUND
☞ Molecular compound: a compound in which all bonds are
covalent - formed between 2 nonmetals.
✔ the name of the 2nd element retains the “ide”

ending.
✔ prefixes “di-”, tri-”, etc. are used to show the
number of atoms of each element.
☞ The prefix “mono-” is omitted when it refers to

the first atom
.
Example
⚫ NO
→ nitrogen oxide (nitric oxide)
⚫ NO2
→ nitrogen dioxide
⚫ N2O
→ dinitrogen oxide
⚫ CCl4
→ carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane)
⚫ PCl5
→ phosphorus pentachloride
EXERCISE
🞆Name the ionic compound formed from the following
pairs elements:
⚫ Magnesium and nitrogen
Magnesium nitride Mg3N2
⚫ Sulfur and cesium
Cesium sulfide Cs2S

⚫ Strontium and fluorine
Strontium fluoride SrF2

🞆Give the systematic names for the following
compounds:
⚫FeSO4 = Iron(II) sulfate
⚫CS2 = carbon disulfide
= barium hydroxide
⚫Ba(OH)2
⚫AgBr = Silver bromide
⚫CrI3 = Chromium (III) Iodide

🞆Write the formula for the following compounds:
⚫Sodium sulfite
= Na2SO3
⚫Iron(II) sulfate
= FeSO
⚫Aluminum hydroxide
4
= Al(OH)3
⚫Barium phosphate
= Ba3(PO4)2
🞆Correct each of the following formulas:
⚫Barium oxide is BaO2 BaO
⚫Iron(II) nitrate is Fe(NO3)3 Fe(NO3)2
⚫Magnesium sulfide is MnSO3 MgS
⚫MgCr2O7 is magnesium dichromium heptaoxide
Magnesium dichromate
⚫CO is carbon oxide

Carbon monoxide
⚫SO2 is sodium dioxide

Sulfur dioxide
⚫Phosphorus pentafluoride is KF5

PF5
⚫CO is carbon oxide

Carbon monoxide
⚫SO2 is sodium dioxide

Sulfur dioxide
⚫Phosphorus pentafluoride is KF5

PF5
❑Which of the following compounds would you
expect to be ionic?
N2O, Na2O, CaCl2, SF4
☞Na2O and CaCl2

☞because they are composed of a metal combined
with a nonmetal.
❑Which of the following compounds are molecular:
CHCl3, FeS, H2O2, PbF2
☞ CHCl3 and H2O2
Chloroform
Hidrogen peroxide
(trichloromethane

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STOICHIOMETRY-1

🞆 Chemical nomenclature 🡪 naming of substances

🞆 Base on division of substance to organic and inorganic

🞆 Organic 🡪 contains C usually in combination with elements

🞆Is the system of names that chemists use to identify

🞆Ideally, every chemical compound can be given a

🞆 Discuss in expert groups:

☞Elements of Group 1, Group 2, and Group 13

☞ the name of the cation is the name of the metal

Li+ Lithium ion Ca2+ Calcium ion

Na+ sodium ion Sr2+ Strontium

Iron (II) ion Iron (III) ion

Copper (I) ion Copper (II) ion

❖ Sn2+ 🡪 tin (II) ion

OH- CN- O22-

Hydroxide Cyanide ion Peroxide ion

Hydrogen carbonate Hydrogen phosphate

Hydrogen sulfate Dihydrogen phosphate

*** Correction: HPO32- change to HPO42-

Thiosulfate S2O32- Hypobromite OBr-

Hypochlorite OCl- Amide NH2-

Sulfide S2- Peroxide O22-

The total number of positive charges must equal

⚫ lithium ion (Li+) and bromide ion (Br-) form litium

⚫ barium ion (Ba2+) and iodide ion (I-) form barium

⚫calcium ion (Ca2+) and bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)

⚫potassium ion (K+) and phosphate ion (PO43-)

What are the empirical formulas of the compounds

a) Al3+ and Cl-

the name of metal from which the +ve ion is

AlCl3 → aluminum chloride

⮚ for systematic names: use Roman numerals

✔ the name of the 2nd element retains the “ide”

☞ The prefix “mono-” is omitted when it refers to

Cesium sulfide Cs2S

Strontium fluoride SrF2

⚫CS2 = carbon disulfide

⚫AgBr = Silver bromide

⚫CrI3 = Chromium (III) Iodide

⚫Barium oxide is BaO2 BaO

⚫Iron(II) nitrate is Fe(NO3)3 Fe(NO3)2

⚫Magnesium sulfide is MnSO3 MgS

⚫MgCr2O7 is magnesium dichromium heptaoxide

⚫CO is carbon oxide

⚫SO2 is sodium dioxide

⚫Phosphorus pentafluoride is KF5

⚫CO is carbon oxide

⚫SO2 is sodium dioxide

⚫Phosphorus pentafluoride is KF5

☞Na2O and CaCl2

☞ CHCl3 and H2O2

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