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What Is Poverty

The document discusses poverty in India, including definitions of poverty, current statistics on those living below the poverty line, causes of poverty such as colonial policies and famines, ways to measure poverty beyond just income, and some steps taken by the government to address both rural and urban poverty through various programs. It also outlines some potential solutions to eradicating poverty through job creation, education, government programs, and international cooperation.

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Nikhilesh Patil
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88 views18 pages

What Is Poverty

The document discusses poverty in India, including definitions of poverty, current statistics on those living below the poverty line, causes of poverty such as colonial policies and famines, ways to measure poverty beyond just income, and some steps taken by the government to address both rural and urban poverty through various programs. It also outlines some potential solutions to eradicating poverty through job creation, education, government programs, and international cooperation.

Uploaded by

Nikhilesh Patil
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STERLING INSTITUTE OF

MANAGEMENT STUDIES
Is there any solution to poverty

Team members:
Shrunkhal Dhote- 09
Nikhilesh Patil- 28
Akshay Bakle- 04
Pradip Nighot- 56
Harshal Patil- 38
Rajratan Herode- 11
Suraj Warghat-
What is poverty…..
 Poverty is pronounced deprivation in well-
being.
 To be poor is to be hungry,
 To lack shelter and clothing,
 To be sick and not cared for,
 To be illiterate and not schooled
Current situation……
 Poverty in India can be defined as a situation
when a certain section of people are unable to
fulfill their basic needs
 India has the world's largest number of poor
people living in a single country
 Out of its total population of more than 1 billion,
350 to 400 million people are living below the
poverty line
 Poverty in India can be classified into two
categories namely rural poverty and urban
poverty.
Facts & Figures...
 As of 2005, 85.7% of the population lives on
less than $2.50 (PPP) a day
 The Planning Commission of India has
estimated that 27.5% of the population was
living below the poverty line in 2004-2005
 Between 1999-2009, the annualised growth
rates of Gujrat (8.8%), Haryana (8.7%), or Delhi
(7.4%) were much higher than for Bihar (5.1%),
Uttar Pradesh (4.4%), or Madhya Pradesh
(3.5%).Poverty rates in rural Orissa (43%) and
rural Bihar (41%) are higher than in the world's
poorest countries such as Malawi
 A 2007 report by the state –run National
Commission for enterprises in the unorganised
Sector (NCEUS) found that 25% of Indians or
236 millions people, lived on less than 20
rupees per day
Causes of Poverty………
 The Indian economy was purposely and severely
reindustrialized through colonial privatizations,
regulations, tariffs on manufactured or refined
Indian goods, taxes, and direct seizures

 Not only was Indian industry losing out, but


consumers were forced to rely on expensive British
manufactured goods, especially as barter, local
crafts and subsistence agriculture was discouraged
by law
Continue….
 British policies in India exacerbated weather
conditions to lead to mass famines which,
when taken together, led to between 30 to 60
million deaths from starvation in the Indian
colonies
 Community grain banks were forcibly
disabled, land was converted from food crops
for local consumption to cotton, opium, tea,
and grain for export, largely for animal feed
Measuring poverty
 Income-based Measures
 Rowntree: Poverty is a level of total earnings
insufficient to obtain the minimum necessities for the
maintenance of “merely physical efficiency,”
including food, rent, and other items.
 Within a country, income or consumption survey
 To compare across countries, use “International
Dollar”
 Using commodity prices, convert raw income to PPP
 Purchasing Power Parity
Continue..
 Non income-based measures
 Health
 Infant mortality figures are higher for poor than rich
households
 Difficult because this requires a system for
registration of births and deaths
 Education
 Net primary school enrolment rate
 Ratio of enrolled primary-school-age children to all
primary-school-age children
Continue…….
 Vulnerability
 The risk that a household or individual will
experience an episode of income or health poverty
over time, including exposure to other risks.
 Indicators of vulnerability
 Physical assets—those that can be sold to
compensate for loss of income
 Measure both value and liquidity of the asset
Reasons for urban poverty
 Improper training
 Slow job growth.
 Failure of PDS system
 Lack of infrastructure
 Less willing power
 Lack of visions
Problems of urban poverty
 Restricted access to employment opportunities
and income.
 Lack of proper housing facilities
 Unhygienic environments
 No social security schemes
 Lack of opportunity to quality health and
educational services.
Steps taken by government
 Nehru Rozgar Yojna.
 Prime Minister Rozgar Yojna.
 Urban Basic services for the poor Programme.
 National social Assistance Programme.
 Antiydaya anna yojna
 Swarni jayanti sahari rojgar yojana
REASONS FOR RURAL POVERTY

 Unequal distribution of income.


 High population growth.
 Illiteracy.
 Large families.
 Caste system
 Presence of malnutrition, illiteracy, diseases and long
term health problems.
 Unhygienic living conditions, lack of proper
housing, high infant mortality rate, injustice to
women and social ill-treatment of certain sections of
society
Steps taken by goverment
 Small farmer’s development Programme.
 Drought area development Programme.
 Minimum needs Programme.
 National rural employment Programme.
 Assurance on employment.
 Causes for Urban Poverty.
steps reducing poverty
 Economic liberalization
 Capital, infrastructure and technology
 Welfare
 Development aid
 Debt relief
 The role of education and skill building as
precursors to economic development
 Microloans
 Good institutions
 Climate change adaption
Solutions to eradicate poverty
 Generating more employment
 Raising level of minimum education
 Presenting the government concrete programme
 Educating the public opinion that poverty is not
inevitable
 UN should take on itself authority of accepting
the invitation of any nation to eradicate poverty

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