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4 Programming Language

Programming languages allow humans to communicate instructions to computers. There are different types of programming languages: low-level languages use binary and are directly executed by computers but are complex for humans; high-level languages are simpler for humans but require compilers or interpreters to be converted to machine code; and assembly languages are closer to machine code than high-level languages. Dozens of programming languages have been created since the 1950s, with new ones still being developed today for different purposes.

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70 views9 pages

4 Programming Language

Programming languages allow humans to communicate instructions to computers. There are different types of programming languages: low-level languages use binary and are directly executed by computers but are complex for humans; high-level languages are simpler for humans but require compilers or interpreters to be converted to machine code; and assembly languages are closer to machine code than high-level languages. Dozens of programming languages have been created since the 1950s, with new ones still being developed today for different purposes.

Uploaded by

Havend Ali
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Subject:

Scientific Debate

Lecture:
Programming language
Definition

A computer programming language is a language used


to write computer programs, which involve a computer
performing some kind of computation or algorithm and
possibly control external devices such as printers, disk
drives, robots, and so on .
Coded language used by programmers
to write instruction that a computer can
understand to do what the programmer (or
the computer user) wants.
Types of programming language

Low level language :


is the machine language that uses binary
('1' and '0') code which a computer can run (execute) very
fast without using any translator or interpreter program,
but is tedious and complex .
High level language :
(such as Basic, C, java) are much simpler (more 'English-
like') to use but need to use another program (a compiler or an
interpreter) to convert the high-level code into the machine
code, and are therefore slower.
Assembly language :

Assembly Languages, is a set of low-level languages (they


are designed to deal with the computer rather than being
designed to be programming it) used in programming
computers, microprocessors, microcontrollers and
programmable integrated circuits).
 There are dozens of programming languages and new ones are
being continuously developed . Also called computer language.

• 1951- Regional Assembly Language


• 1952 - Auto code
• 1954 - FORTRAN
• 1954 - IPL (forerunner to LISP)
• 1955 - FLOW-MATIC (forerunner to COBOL)
• 1957 - COMTRAN (forerunner to COBOL)
• 1958 - LISP
• 1958 - ALGOL 58
• 1959 - FACT (forerunner to COBOL(
• 1959 - COBOL
• 1962 - APL
• 1962 - Simula
• 1962 - SNOBOL
• 1963 - CPL (forerunner to C)
• 1964 - BASIC
• 1964 - PL/I
• 1967 - BCPL (forerunner to C)
• 1980 - C++ (as C with classes, name changed in July 1983)
• 1983 - Objective-C
• 1983 - Ada
• 1984 - Common Lisp
• 1985 - Eiffel
• 1986 - Erlang
• 1987 - Perl
• 1988 - Tcl
• 1989 - FL (Backus)
• 1990 - Haskell
• 1991 - Python
• 1991 - Visual Basic
• 1993 - Ruby
• 1993 - Lua
• 1994 - CLOS (part of ANSI Common Lisp(
• 1995 - Java
• 1995 - Delphi (Object Pascal)
• 1995 - JavaScript
• 1995 - PHP
• 1997 - Rebol
• 1999 - D
• 2001 - C#
• 2001 - Visual Basic .NET
• 2002 - F#
• 2003 - Scala
• 2003 - Factor
• 2006 - Windows Power Shell
• 2007 - Clojure
• 2007 - Groovy
• 2009- Go

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