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    Building Construction and Material: Submitted To: Ar. Karan Varma

    Uploaded by

    Isha Karodi
    The Lotus Temple in Delhi, India is shaped like a lotus flower and serves as a prominent attraction and symbol of religious unity. Constructed from 1986 to 1986, it is made of reinforced concrete shells in the shape of lotus petals and leaves. The temple's flower-like form was conceived to represent the purity and simplicity of the Baha'i faith. It has a central hall surrounded by concentric rings of "petals" that represent the faith's universal message. The temple welcomes all people regardless of religion or culture.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Building Construction and Material: Submitted To: Ar. Karan Varma

    Uploaded by

    Isha Karodi
    35 views17 pages
    The Lotus Temple in Delhi, India is shaped like a lotus flower and serves as a prominent attraction and symbol of religious unity. Constructed from 1986 to 1986, it is made of reinforced concrete shells in the shape of lotus petals and leaves. The temple's flower-like form was conceived to represent the purity and simplicity of the Baha'i faith. It has a central hall surrounded by concentric rings of "petals" that represent the faith's universal message. The temple welcomes all people regardless of religion or culture.

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    BCM HIT

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    The Lotus Temple in Delhi, India is shaped like a lotus flower and serves as a prominent attraction and symbol of religious unity. Constructed from 1986 to 1986, it is made of reinforced concrete shells in the shape of lotus petals and leaves. The temple's flower-like form was conceived to represent the purity and simplicity of the Baha'i faith. It has a central hall surrounded by concentric rings of "petals" that represent the faith's universal message. The temple welcomes all people regardless of religion or culture.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    35 views17 pages

    Building Construction and Material: Submitted To: Ar. Karan Varma

    Uploaded by

    Isha Karodi
    The Lotus Temple in Delhi, India is shaped like a lotus flower and serves as a prominent attraction and symbol of religious unity. Constructed from 1986 to 1986, it is made of reinforced concrete shells in the shape of lotus petals and leaves. The temple's flower-like form was conceived to represent the purity and simplicity of the Baha'i faith. It has a central hall surrounded by concentric rings of "petals" that represent the faith's universal message. The temple welcomes all people regardless of religion or culture.

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    BUILDING

    CONSTRUCTION AND
    MATERIAL

    SUBMITTED BY:
    SUBMITTED TO:
    TISHA GARG
    AR. KARAN
    ISHA KARODI
    VARMA
    HARSHIT MATHUR
    LOTUS TEMPLE

    The Lotus temple is due to its flowerlike shape. Lotus temple is also known by the “BAHAI House of
    worship/ BAHAI FAITH”. The Temple are well known for their architectural splendor and the temple
    constructed in Delhi is a continuation of this rich tradition. This is prominent attraction in Delhi. It was
    completed in 1986 and serves as the mother temple of the India subcontinent. The temple structure like
    as the half open lotus flower, afloat surrounded by its leaves. The temple is open to people of all
    cultures, faiths, and languages. It is the symbol of a United India.
    ARCHITECT – MR. FARIBURZ SAHBA

    CONCEPT - TO BRING OUT PURITY, SIMPLICITY AND


    FRESHNESS OF BAHA’I FAITH, THE FORM
    WAS CONCEIVED AS A LOTUS
    CONTRACTORS – ECC CONSTRUCTION GROUP OF LARSEN AND TOUBRO
    LIMITED
    CONSULTANTS – FLINTH AND NEILL PARTNERSHIP OF LONDON

    9 pools around the temple represent floating leaves. apart


    from serving an obvious aesthetic function, the pools also
    help in ventilation

    WALKWAYS AROUND THE TEMPLE


    MASSIVE ARCHES BELOW THE TOP VIEW OF INNER
    ENTRANCE AND THE OUTER
    LEAVES LEAVES AND ARCHES

    ROW OF STEPS LEADING TO THE


    MAIN HALL THROUGH EACH ARCH

    ➢There are 3 sets of petals of thin


    concrete shells.
    ➢Outermost set of 9 petals - “entrance
    leaves”
    Open outwards, form 9 entrances around
    the central hall.
    ➢The next set of 9 petals – “outer
    leaves”
    ➢The third set of 9 petals – “inner
    ENTRANCE leaves” this portion which rises above the
    LEAVES rest , forms the main structure housing
    the central hall.
    SECTION SHOWING INTERIOR DOME
    AND ARCHES

    THE ARCH - ALL around the central hall there


    are 9 splendid arches placed at an
    angular interval of 40, bear almost
    the load of the superstructure

    THE DOME – From the crown of each arch spring 3


    ribs. while the center one rises radially
    towards the central hub, the other two move
    away from the central rib and intersecting
    3 RIBS SPRINGING FROM EACH ARCH with similar base ribs of the adjacent arch.
    from each of these intersection rises another
    radial rib, all of which meet at center of the
    dome.
    1) ENTRANCE LEAF
    CUSP OF OUTER SHELL
    2) OUTER LEAF 6

    3) INTERIOR DOME SHELL

    4) ARCH

    5) INTERIOR DOME RIB

    6) CENTRAL HUB
    GLAZING

    7) STEPS TO CENTRAL HALL

    INNER LEAF
    OUTER LEAF SECTION THROUGH ENTRANCE LEAF
    AND INTERIOR DOME
    ENTRANCE LEAF

    LEAF SHAPED POOLS


    1) PODIUM LEVEL 1) MAIN ARCHES
    2) POOL DECK LVL 2) STEPS LEADING
    3) POOL 3) TO ASSEMBLY AREA
    4) BRIDGE 4) STEPS LEADING
    5) INNER LEAF TO POOL DECK
    6) INTERIOR DOME
    7) OUTER LEAF
    8) GLAZING
    9) DOME RIBS
    1) CROWN OF DOME
    2) ENTRANCE LEAF

    12 • BRIDGE POOL
    1) POOL DECK
    GLAZING
    ENTRANCE LEAF

    SECTION THROUGH INNER AND OUTER LEAVES


    1)RIDGE OR CUSP OF OUTER LEAF
    2)EDGE LINE OF SHELL
    3)GLAZING
    4)OUTER LEAF
    5)ENTRANCE LEAF

    6) PODIUM LVL
    ENTRANCE LEAF
    SHELL SPANS – 18.2m
    HT OF SHELL – 7.8m
    THICKNESS –
    135mm TOWARDS
    THE BOTTOM
    OUTER LEAF ENTRANCE LEAF WITH A
    -
    SHELL SPANS –255mm
    15.4m THICKNESS OF 255mm
    ON THE TIP
    HT OF SHELL -TOWA
    22.5m
    THICKNESS -135mm
    RDS TOWARDS THE BOTTOM
    -255mm TOWARDS THE TIP
    THE
    INNER LEAF TIP

    SHELL SPANS – 14m


    HT OF SHELL - 34.3 m
    THICKNESS -
    200mm UNIFORMLY
    STAGING AND FORMWORK

    FOLLOWING ASPECTS WERE CONSIDERED –

    ➢the concrete of the shell should be taken up 3 at a time, 120º apart, so


    that the lateral loads on the staging supporting the formwork were
    reduced.
    ➢construction joints were, as far as possible, were avoided so
    SECTIONAL PLAN
    that the exposed concrete did not show any lines.
    ➢after the formwork was approved the sheathing joints were sealed with
    putty made of epoxy resin, plaster of paris and a protective coating
    applied over the plywood surface.

    1) STRUCTURAL STEEL PURLIN

    2) 100X100mm TIMBER JOISTS

    3) SHUTTER FRAME CROSS SECTION


    1) CUSP FRAME
    4) ANGLE CLEAT 2) RE-ENTRANT FRAME
    3) INNER LEAF SHELL
    5) 12mm PLYWOOD 4) INTERIOR DOME RIBS
    FORMWORK DETAIL 5) RADIAL BEAMS
    • INNER STEEL STAGING

    • INNER FORM
    • OUTER FORM
    • OUTER STEEL STAGING

    DETAILS OF SHAPED • WORKING PLATFORM


    MEMBERS AND
    • CONCRETE SHELL
    BACK FORM
    • 10mm THICK RUBBER
    WASHER
    • 40mm DIA PIPE
    • 60mm DIA PVC SLEEVE
    DETAILS OF
    FORMWORK • SHAPED MEMBER
    IN INNER
    LEAF • BACK FORM PANEL
    • LONGITUDINAL
    MEMBER
    • WEDGES
    CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
    1. The lotus temple is constructed based on the arcaded construction
    system.
    2. Based on 9 radial grids.
    3. The Lotus Temple in which the structure of inner leaves enclose
    the interior dome in a canopy made of crisscrossing ribs and shells
    of intricate pattern.
    4. When views from inside each layer of ribs and shells disappears
    as it rises, behind the next, lower layer.

    CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION

    1. Sequence
    2. In the starting of construction basement and the interior podium were first built. From there, to raise the arches and
    shells, the structure was divided in parts, bearing in mind that when the formwork was removed, the constructed part
    would support itself until the next part was complete. The structure was divided in the following way:
    3. Arches
    4. Inner leaves, radial beam & central axis
    5. Interior Dome
    6. Access & outer leaves
    7. Staging & Formworks
    top of the structure appears open but actually contains a glass-and-steel roof that admits natural daylight. The
    overall effect is that of a floating lotus flower on the verge of blooming and surrounded by its leaves.
    CONCRETE

    • In The Lotus Temple all the ribs and shells up to radial beam
    level are in white concrete.
    • To avoid crazing and shrinkage cracks in lotus temple structure,
    a mix of M30 Grade white concrete was designed.
    • Water/cement ratio: 0.43
    • Slump achieved was in the range of 70-100 mm.
    • Bush hammered finish for interior dome, inner and outer leaves.
    • Three inner leaves at 120 spacing, were concreted at a time, in
    only two lifts from their bases to the level of the star beams above.
    • Outer and Entrance leaves were concreted in a continuous
    operation one at a time, using the removable outer shutter panels
    for access for concrete and vibrators to avoid cold joints.
    • Systems of horizontal sprinkler pipes were used in curing.
    REINFORCEMENT

    • The structure of lotus temple petals were reinforced with 300 t


    of galvanized bar to avoid the risk of rust staining and cracking
    and to maintain the pristine appearance of this monumental
    structure.

    • The Lotus Temple structure in which the reinforcement used in


    the white concrete shells as well as the binding wires was
    entirely galvanized so as to prevent the long- term effect of
    rusting of reinforcement on the white concrete.
    • In the lotus temple structure to avoid the impression of cover blocks on the exposed surface of the shells, the inner layer of
    reinforcement was held in position by special steel spacers supported from the outer formwork.
    MARBLE CLADDING

    • Lotus Temple in which the Shells & arches are clad in white Greek
    Marble panels, performed in Italy to the surface profile and to patterns
    related to the geometry by Marmi Vicentine S.P.A Company.
    • The lotus temple in which the panels are fixed by means of stainless
    steel brackets secured by bolts in holes drilled after concreting and the
    joints were filled with molded rubber cordon & silicon sealant was
    applied over it.
    • Floor finishes were also of white marble.
    • Balustrades, stairs were precast
    • Stones used for stairs were made of red sandstone.
    CONCLUSION

    • The Lotus Temple structure related Forms and their supports


    for the all shells were designed withstand pressure from
    continuous concreting and the outer forms were placed as
    concreting proceeded.

    • The structure of three inner leaves were concreted at a time,


    generally n only two lifts.

    • Lightening and Natural ventilation used in the building.

    • The structure of lotus temple is very typical and complex.

    • High standard of quality demanded at the time of


    construction.

    • The work is very innovative so the skills worker and labour


    used at the time of construction.

    • The complete structure is both Architectural and Engineering


    point of view Wonderful and Marvel.
    T
    H
    A
    N
    K
    Y
    O
    U

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