IOT Based Smart Grid

Monitoring Using Arduino

 Abstract
The increased energy consumption followed by development in renewable energy
generation have resulted in tremendous challenge to energy industry. Pursuing the
requirement of increased energy efficiency have resulted in the research and
development of intelligent energy networks as the future energy network. Smart
Electricity Energy Meters can be considered as the basic fundamental component of the
future intelligent network or smart grid, measuring the energy flow and exchanging
information on energy consumption between utilities and consumers and also
monitoring home appliances and devices. In this project, we propose an IoT based Smart
Grid with Arduino and Wi-Fi unit which can provide information of electricity bill by
SMS and can also provide energy monitoring usage anytime and anywhere in the world.
 Introduction
• Solar-Wind Hybrid Energy Systems are using solar panels and wind
turbine generators to generate electricity power. Renewable Energy
experts will explain that a small hybrid system that combines wind power,
solar power technologies offers several advantages to home applications.
In future electrical power is most important in our daily life, without
electricity, we can’t imagine the present world. The idea of the combined
power generation is to get continuous power during day and night for
small power applications with storage battery.
 Literature Survey
NIKHIL.N.PATIL,SUMIT.N.KHAMKAR,DILEEP M.BIND, VIVEK R.KURADE,
GANESH L.SONAWANE, “Smart Wireless Electronic Energy Meter”
• The system will replace traditional meter reading method with GSM based smart
energy metering system using IOT. The sensed units automatically send on cloud
generating using IOT. It is very efficient and low cost system because this model
reduces the miscommunication between the user and the controller. An efficient
systematic approach is used for the design to acquire accurate measurements for the
energy meter. The prevention of malpractice, it gives an accurate accounting of units.
 Literature Survey
Dr.Adithya Tiwary, Manish Mahato, Mohit Tripathi,Mayank
Shrivastava,Matnak Kumar Chandrol,Abhitesh Chidar, “Design and
Implementation of an Innovative Internet of Things(IOT) Based Smart
Energy Meter”
Proposed design and implementation of an Innovative Internet of Things based on
smart energy meter. This model describes its design along with its working. I t will
make the leading to be handy and measure the energy consumption accurately.
Here the energy wastage is reduced also brings awareness among all.
 Literature Survey
A.A.Noman, M.F.Rahaman, H.Ullah,R.K.Das, “ANDROID BASED SMART
ENERGY METER”
In the main focus of this paper is to make intelligence of regular energy meter. The
system gives high mobility, low cost, efficient monitoring and easy maintenance of the
total system. The system is controlled by a Bluetooth technology and smart phone.
This system gives the line voltage and current by using voltage and a current sensor.
These sensors will measure current with respect to the applied load. The sensor is
connecting to the microcontroller unit. Every time the measured data is displayed on
the LCD display and this will transmitted to android device via Bluetooth.
 Literature Survey
Pandurang G.Kate, Jitendra R.Rana,” ZigBee Based Monitoring Theft Detection & Automatic Electricity
Meter Reading”
In this paper ZigBee is low cost, low powered wireless networking standard based on mesh topology. This system
is based on ZigBee technology. Consumer side consists of energy meter, microcontroller, LCD display, voltage
sensor, ZigBee module and power supply unit. Micro controller continuously monitor energy meter. When user
temper the meter, theft is detected then meter tempering signal send to microcontroller via optocoupler. Theft
signal display at LCD display at consumer side. The microcontroller directly interfaces with ZigBee module. The
theft signal send to server side through ZigBee module LCD display energy consumption in unit, power status,
theft status, monthly bill. Electricity side consists of ZigBee module and personal computer system. Monthly bill
status will send with help of “send bill” button. If theft is detected, power switched to off with help of “cut-off”
button. Power supply can be restored using “Restore” button. This communication takes place wireless via
ZigBee module.
 Literature Survey
Shubham Pahurkar, Subhash Diwakar, Harshal Nerkar, Sunita Patil, “IOT Based Electric Bill
Generation”
In IOT Based electricity bill generation is a technology. It is used to gather information from energy meter
and it transfer to the database. Database analyses this information for billing purpose. Energy is stored in the
chemical form. Using kernel programming, reading will be taken from energy meter. Kernel programming
will give battery status and is send to the server through Gateway. At server side calculated bill will be send
to customer through browser and GPRS Gateway. This system avoids human intervention in electric bill
generation. If the user gets wrong information he has to visit electricity board for correction. These errors are
avoided by taking reference of meter reading and send details to server and maintain the database at real-time.
This system avoids use of paper and provides fast meter reading. Here we take laptop battery for reference. In
future it may possible to take readings directly from meter and send data to server at real-time.
 Existing System
The present system only provides feedback to the customer at the end of the
month that how much power is consumed in the form of bill. The consumer has
no way to track their energy usage on a more immediate basis. The consumers
are growing exponentially fast and load on power providing divisions is rapidly
rising.
Drawbacks:
In the existing system meter tampering can be done easily
Manual Work is more and errors may happen
 Proposed System
In this proposed system we are measuring the power. The energy meter is
connected to bulb and the values are taken and will be displayed on LCD.
Based on power the values will be uploaded to cloud server and will be
displayed on LCD. The values are uploaded to cloud using NodeMCU.
 Block Diagram
Power
Supply Cloud
Server

NodeMCU
LDR

Arduino LCD
Energy
Bulb
Meter
 Arduino

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board

developed by Arduino.cc which is an open-
source electronics platform mainly based
on AVR microcontroller Atmega328.
The current version of Arduino Uno comes
with USB interface, 6 analog input pins, 14
I/O digital ports that are used to connect
with external electronic circuits. Out of 14
I/O ports, 6 pins can be used for PWM
output.
 NodeMCU
NodeMCU is an open-source firmware and development kit
that plays a vital role in designing your own IoT product
using a few Lua script lines. Multiple GPIO pins on the
board allow you to connect the board with other peripherals
and are capable of generating PWM, I2C, SPI, and UART
serial communications. The interface of the module is
mainly divided into two parts including both Firmware and
Hardware where former runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC
and later is based on the ESP-12 module.
LCD

The term LCD stands for liquid crystal display. It

is one kind of electronic display module used in
an extensive range of applications like various
circuits & devices like mobile phones,
calculators, computers, TV sets, etc. These
displays are mainly preferred for multi-
segment light emitting diode and seven
segments. The main benefits of using this
module are inexpensive; simply programmable,
animations, and there are no limitations for
displaying custom characters, special and even
animations, etc.
 Ldr sensor

• A Light Dependent Resistor (also

known as a photoresistor or LDR)
is a device whose resistivity is a
function of the incident
electromagnetic radiation. Hence,
they are light-sensitive devices.
They are also called as
photoconductors, photoconductive
cells or simply photocells.
 Energy Meter
Power meters are sometimes referred to a energy
meters and vice versa. Per definition, (active) power is
a measure of what is required (or consumed) in order to
perform useful work. For example, a light bulb with a
100W rating consumes 100 watts of active power in
order to create light (and heat). Energy, per definition,
is the measure of how much work has been required
over a known period of time. In the light bulb example,
leaving the bulb on for an hour it will consume 100W x
3600s = 360000Ws (watt-seconds) = 100Wh
(watthours) = 0.1kWh (kilowatt-hours) of energy.
 12V battery
A rechargeable battery is an energy storage device that can
be charged again after being discharged by applying DC
 current to its terminals.
Rechargeable batteries allow for multiple usages from a cell,
reducing waste and generally providing a better long-term
investment in terms of dollars spent for usable device time.
This is true even factoring in the higher purchase price of
rechargeable and the requirement for a charger.
A rechargeable battery is generally a more sensible and
sustainable replacement to one-time use batteries, which
generate current through a chemical reaction in which a
reactive anode is consumed. The anode in a rechargeable
battery gets consumed as well but at a slower rate, allowing
for many charges and discharges.
 Advantages & Applications

Advantages Applications
• Renewable Energy Source • Energy production
• Reduces Electricity Bills • Transport
• Diverse Applications • Houses
• Low Maintenance Costs
• Technology Development
 Conclusion
An IoT based smart grid has been developed and its performance has been
developed. It is shown to have the following features: The data is collected
by a NodeMCU which can provide the energy usage information to the user
in through the internet. The device works online so all the data are received
in real time. With the help of Thingspeak Server, one can view day wise load
analysis curve of connected load data to energy meter. Hence power
optimization can be achieved.
 References
• A.A.Noman, M.F.Rahaman,H.Ullah,R.K.Das (2017),”ANDROID BASED SMART ENERGY
METER”(ICT-06-NCNST’17).
• NIKHIL.N.PATIL,SUMIT.N.KHAMKAR,DILEEP M.BIND, VIVEK R.KURADE, GANESH
L.SONAWANE (2018), “Smart Wireless Electronic Energy Meter” (IRJET),2662-2665
• Dr.Adithya Tiwary, Manish Mahato, Mohit Tripathi,Mayank Shrivastava,Matnak Kumar
Chandrol,Abhitesh Chidar (2018),”Design and Implementation of an Innovative Internet of Things(IOT)
Based Smart Energy Meter”(IJFRCSCE),244-247
• Shubham Pahurkar1, Subhash Diwakar2, Harshal Nerkar3, Sunita Patil4 (2017) IOT Based Electric Bill
Generation (IJARCCE).
• S.P.Karthi, T.Monisha, S.Prathana and T.Radha (2017),”Smart Energy Meter Using GSM” (AJAST),90-94