Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 35 views

    Roles

    Uploaded by

    Ida Rodiyatul Maghfiroh
    The document discusses various syntactic and semantic concepts related to analyzing the structure and meaning of sentences. It defines constituents as words or groups of words that function as a single unit within a sentence's hierarchical structure. It also defines several semantic roles - or the underlying relationships between a verb's arguments - including agent, patient, experiencer, theme, benefactive, source, goal, location, and instrument. Examples are provided for each role.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Roles

    Uploaded by

    Ida Rodiyatul Maghfiroh
    35 views16 pages
    The document discusses various syntactic and semantic concepts related to analyzing the structure and meaning of sentences. It defines constituents as words or groups of words that function as a single unit within a sentence's hierarchical structure. It also defines several semantic roles - or the underlying relationships between a verb's arguments - including agent, patient, experiencer, theme, benefactive, source, goal, location, and instrument. Examples are provided for each role.

    Original Title

    6. ROLES

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses various syntactic and semantic concepts related to analyzing the structure and meaning of sentences. It defines constituents as words or groups of words that function as a single unit within a sentence's hierarchical structure. It also defines several semantic roles - or the underlying relationships between a verb's arguments - including agent, patient, experiencer, theme, benefactive, source, goal, location, and instrument. Examples are provided for each role.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    35 views16 pages

    Roles

    Uploaded by

    Ida Rodiyatul Maghfiroh
    The document discusses various syntactic and semantic concepts related to analyzing the structure and meaning of sentences. It defines constituents as words or groups of words that function as a single unit within a sentence's hierarchical structure. It also defines several semantic roles - or the underlying relationships between a verb's arguments - including agent, patient, experiencer, theme, benefactive, source, goal, location, and instrument. Examples are provided for each role.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    ROLES

    CONSTITUENTS in syntax?

    • The little cat devoured the mouse.


    • John tagged a mouse in the forest.
    In syntactic
    analysis, a
    CONSTI constituent is a
    word or a
    TUENT group of words
    that function
    S as a single unit
    ???? within a
    hierarchical
    structure.
    How to define the constituents?
    SYNTACTIC GRAMMATICAL
    CATEGORIES: FUNCTIONS: subject,
    noun, verb, adjective, direct object, indirect
    adverb, etc object, predicate, etc

    SEMANTIC
    ROLES: agent,
    patient, goal, etc
    SEMANTIC ROLES
    In linguistics, a semantic role is a role that the arguments (subject, object) play in a sentence.

    A semantic role denotes the underlying relationship that a participant


    has with the relation of the clause, expressed by the main verb.

    a. John tagged the monkey in the forest.


    b. The monkey was tagged in the forest by John.
    Agent
    Patient
    Experiencer
    Theme
    SEMANTIC
    Benefactive
    ROLES
    Source
    Goal
    Location
    Instrument
    AGENT
    • Agent: A participant which the meaning of the verb specifies as doing or
    causing something, possibly intentionally.
    • Examples: subject of eat, kick, hit, hammer, etc.

    • a. John ate his noodle quietly.


    • b. A boy hit the ball.
    • c. A smith hammered the metal.
    PATIENT
    • Patient: A participant which the verb characterizes as having something
    happen to it, and as being affected by what happens to it.
    • Examples: object of kick, hit, hammer, etc.

    • a. A boy hit the ball.


    • b. A smith hammered the metal.
    EXPERIENCER
    • Experiencer: A participant who is characterized as aware of something.
    • Examples: subject of perception verbs like feel, smell, hear, see, etc.

    • a. The students felt comfortable in the class.


    • b. The student heard a strange sound.
    THEME
    • Theme: A participant which is characterized as changing its position or
    condition, or as being in a state or position.
    • Examples: direct object of give, hand, subject of come, happen, die, etc.

    • a. John gave a book to the students.


    • b. John died last night.
    BENEFACTIVE
    • Benefactive: The entity that benefits from the action or event denoted by
    the predicator.
    • Examples: oblique object of make, buy, etc.

    • a. John made a doll for his son.


    • b. John bought a lot of books for his sons.
    SOURCE
    • Source: The one from which motion proceeds.
    • Examples: subject of promise, object of deprive, free, cure, etc.

    • a. John promised Bill to leave tomorrow morning.


    • b. John deprived his sons of game cards.
    INSTRUMENT
    • Instrument: The medium by which the action or event denoted by the
    predicator is carried out.
    • Examples: oblique object of hit, wipe, hammer, etc.

    • a. John hit the ball with a bat.


    • b. John wiped the window with a towel.
    GOAL
    • Goal: place to which something moves; thing toward which an action is
    directed

    • John swam to the raft


    • He threw the book at me
    LOCATION
    • Location: The thematic role associated with the NP expressing the
    location in a sentence with a verb of location.

    • John put his books in the attic.


    Determine the semantic roles of the underlined parts.

    1. The cat chased the mouse.


    2. The audiences saw the incident.
    3. Jim loves Susan.
    4. The key opened the draw.
    5. Josh stirs the soup with a wooden spoon.
    6. The woman cooked a lot of soup for her cousins.
    7. The artist came to the gallery last week.
    8. John threw the ball to the basket.

    You might also like