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    Chapter 8 Research Methodology

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    Mark Kyle P. Andres
    A lecture note on the subject Accounting Research Methods that guides students in making thesis or research paper.

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    Chapter 8 Research Methodology

    Uploaded by

    Mark Kyle P. Andres
    49 views16 pages
    A lecture note on the subject Accounting Research Methods that guides students in making thesis or research paper.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    A lecture note on the subject Accounting Research Methods that guides students in making thesis or research paper.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    49 views16 pages

    Chapter 8 Research Methodology

    Uploaded by

    Mark Kyle P. Andres
    A lecture note on the subject Accounting Research Methods that guides students in making thesis or research paper.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 16

    RESEARCH

    METHODOLOGY

    CHAPTER 8
    RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

    • The research methodology includes the research


    method/design, respondents, instrument, and
    validation of instrument, data gathering
    procedure and treatment of data

    2
    The research methods you intend
    to develop or employ and their
    justification must be clearly
    discussed. It is more than a
    description of the techniques or
    procedures, and should outline the
    key assumptions your approach
    makes. It may foreshadow some of
    the “methodological issues”, which
    you anticipate will arise in
    RESEARCH developing your research
    METHOD/DESIGN approach.
    3
    How you describe your methodology will depend on what kind
    of approach you are taking.
    Note: In describing the research method or design, you must
    consider the following:
    1. Analyze critically the utility of the method or design.
    2. Describe how the method/design will help you in the conduct
    of the study.
    3. Highlight problems in developing a suitable method or
    design.
    4. Refer to an appropriate and accepted method or design.
    If you plan a quantitative study, you will refer to
    method, data collection and analysis. Qualitative
    method will need to describe issues in managing
    qualitative data. An action research method needs to be
    described in terms of planning a process and the
    outcomes of different phases of the process, and so on .
    TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODS/DESIGNS
    THIS CAN BE USED TO DEVELOP NEW SKILLS OR
    NEW APPROAHES AND TO SOLVE PROBLEMS
    ACTION RESEARCH WITH DIRECT APPLICATION TO THE WORKING
    WORLD SETTING

    THIS METHOD CAN BE APPLIED BY STUDYING INTENSIVELY


    CASE AND FIELD STUDY THE BACKGROUND, CURRENT STATUS, AND
    ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS OF A GIVEN SOCIAL UNIT

    CASUAL- THIS CAN BE USED TO INVESTIGATE POSSIBLE CAUSE-AND-EFFECT


    RELATIONSHIPS BY OBSERVING SOME EXISTING CONSEQUENCE AND
    COMPARATIVE SEARCHING BACK THROUGH THE DATA FOR PLAUSIBLE CASUAL FACTORS

    6
    TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODS/DESIGNS
    THIS METHOD IS USED TO INVESTIGATE THE
    EXTENT TO WHICH VARIATIONS IN ONE FACTOR
    CORRELATIONAL CORRESPOND WITH VARIATIONS IN ONE OR
    MORE OTHER FACTORS BASED ON
    CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS

    THIS METHOD IS USED TO DESCRIBE SYSTEMATICALLY THE


    DESCRIPTIVE FACTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A GIVEN POPULATION OR
    AREA OF INTEREST, FACTUALLY AND ACCURATELY.

    THIS METHODC IS TO INVESTIGATE PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES OF


    DEVELOPMENTAL GROWTH AND/OR CHANGE AS A FUNCTIONOF TIME

    7
    TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODS/DESIGNS
    TO RECONSTRUCT THE PAST SYSTEMATICALLY
    AND OBJECTIVELY BY COLLECTING,
    EVALUATING, VERIFYING, AND SYNTHESIZING
    HISTORICAL EVIDENCE TO ESTABLISH FACTS AND REACH
    DEFENSIBLE CONCLUSIONS, OFTEN IN
    RELATION TO PARTICULAR HYPOTHESES.

    TO APPROXIMATE THE CONDITIONS OF THE TRUE


    EXPERIMENT IN A SETTING WHICH DOES NOT ALLOW THE
    QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL AND/OR MANIPULATION OF ALL RELEVANT
    VARIABLES

    TRUE THIS CAN BE UTILIZED TO INVESTIGATE POSSIBLE CAUSE-AND-EFFECT


    RELATIONSHIPS BY EXPOSING ONE OR MORE EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS TO
    EXPERIMENTAL ONE OR MORE TREATMENT CONDITIONS AND COMPARING THE RESULTS
    RESEARCH TO ONE OR MORE CONTROL GROUPS NOT RECEIVING THE TREATMENT.

    8
    SAMPLE AND
    DESCRIBE IN
    DETAIL THE
    MANNER IN
    WHICH IT WAS
    CHOSEN.
    NATURALLY, IF
    YOU ARE
    INCLUDING ALL
    POSSIBLE
    SUBJECTS, YOU POPULATION/RESPONDENTS/SAMPLE/
    ARE DEALING PARTICIPANTS, IF QUALITATIVE
    WITH A
    POPULATION. IN
    THIS CASE, YOU
    1. RANDOM SAMPLING. Any sort of sampling
    where, in advance of the selection of the
    sample, each member of the population has a
    calculable and non-zero chance of selection.
    Insert Image
    2. SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING. The same as
    the above but with additional constraints. Each
    member of the population has the same chance
    SAMPLING of selection, and the relative chance of selection

    TECHNIQUES of any two members of the population is not


    affected by knowledge of whether a third
    member has or has not been selected. In
    practice, this essentially means drawing names
    out of a hat or some other random method.
    3. STRATIFIED SAMPLING. The
    population is divided into non-
    Insert Image
    overlapping groups, or strata.
    Samples are drawn from each
    stratum separately and results
    pooled.
    SAMPLING 4. MULTI-STAGE SAMPLING. In
    TECHNIQUES a two-stage sample, the population
    is divided into a number of non-
    overlapping “first stage units”.
    5. SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING. This
    simply involves e.g., asking every
    third person who happens to come
    Insert Image along, or calling at every fifth house,
    etc.
    6. CLUSTER SAMPLING. This is a
    SAMPLING special case of multi-stage sampling.
    TECHNIQUES It may be that say a certain
    geographical area can be described
    as largely middle-class, another as
    largely working-class.
    7. QUOTA SAMPLING. Interviewers are
    instructed to interview whomever they
    Insert Image
    chance across, subject to quota controls,
    typically of age, sex, and social class.
    8. OPPORTUNITY SAMPLING. Simply
    put, if the researcher is interested in the
    SAMPLING views of football supporters, s/he might
    TECHNIQUES position him/herself in a place where he or
    she is likely to come across football
    supporters. It may be that only those with
    strong opinions are willing to cooperate, so
    the sample may be unrepresentative.
    9. RANDOM ROUTE SAMPLING.
    The researcher plans a route and
    Insert Image questions individuals who happen to
    come along. The route can be planned
    in order to gain information from
    SAMPLING certain types of people.
    TECHNIQUES 10. SNOWBALL SAMPLING. This is
    generally used when you require a lot
    of information, quickly, just in order to
    get started on a piece of research.
    ACTIVITY 1 – (FINALS)
    Based on the principles discussed relative to
    the research methods/design, discuss in detail
    the appropriate research method or design to
    answer the specific questions in your study.

    1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

    15
    ACTIVITY 2 – (FINALS)
    Based on the concepts discussed relative to
    the selection of the population or sample,
    discuss in detail your sampling design (if
    sample) in this section.

    1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

    16

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