Working at Height Safety

Safety while working at Height
Session Overview
• Introduction
• Fall Prevention Elements.
• Equipments used for working at Heights
• Do’s & don’ts for working at height
• Requirements checking prior to work at
height.
• Fall Protection Elements
• Work permit system
Working at Height
• जमीं से दो मीटर ऊपर
ऊंचाई पर काम
या दो मीटर नीचे से
अधिक ऊंचाई पर
काम करना.
WORKING AT
MORE THAN
2 METER ABOVE
AND BELOW FROM
GROUND
Fall Speed Vs Reaction Time
Good body reaction time

= 0.2 seconds
Travel distance in 0.2

seconds = 2m (6.5ft)
By the time you react your

body will be 2m below where
you were standing
ऊंचाई पर खतरा
आप गिर सकते हैं
आप का सामान गिर सकता हैं
आप के ऊपर सामान गिर सकता हैं
चक्कर आ सकता हैं
जगह सिमित हैं
विजली का झटका लग सकता हैं
प्राकृतिक प्रकोप का प्रभाव अधिक एवं
वातावरण का प्रभाव
Most common
and dangerous
fall hazards
• Installation and painting of overhead

cranes, monorails, conveyors, piping
• Insulation of overhead piping

Most common and
dangerous fall hazards
• Erection and painting of tanks, chimneys
• Construction of exterior brickwork, finishing

and cladding work
• Erection and dismantling of scaffolds
• Working on pile driving rig

Building Structures
 When working at a
height of 6’ above the
lower level you must
use fall protection:
• Personal fall arrest
systems
• Guardrail systems
Building Structures
 When working at a
height of 6’ above the
lower level you must
use fall protection.
 These workers are not

utilizing a personal fall
arrest system.
Building Structures
 Guardrail systems
must be
maintained when
working 6’ above
lower level, or
when working
above dangerous
equipment and
sharp objects.
Building Structures
 Damaged or missing
guardrails must be fixed
immediately.
 When materials can be
kicked off or pushed
out and fall on any
worker below, toe
boards, screens and/or
netting must be used.
Exterior Construction Areas
 Falls from a short
distance can result in
serious injury.
 All workers must be
protected from falling
onto sharp materials or
onto dangerous
equipment.
Exterior Construction Areas
 All open excavations

and pier holes must
be guarded or
protected.
Fall Prevention vs Fall Protection
 Fall Prevention  Fall Protection

Elements Elements include:
include:  Anchorage points
 Guardrails  Lanyard
 Safety nets  Snap hooks/ fall
 Covers
arrester
 Fences  Life lines
 Barricades  Body harness
Equipments used for working at
Height
• Stairs  Scaffolds
• Ladder  Free
– Portable Standing
 Independent
– Fixed
 Putlog
– Special
 Unit frame
Purpose
 Suspended
 Scaffold -
Mobile
Stairways and Ladders
Fall Prevention
Fixed Platform:
• The minimum width of
walkway is 600mm.
 Sides, ends, edges and

openings shall be
protected with guard
railing.
 Kickboards/Toe boards
must be fitted
Stairway
There must be a stairway or ladder at points of
access where there is an elevation break of 19
inches or more.
At least one point of access must be kept clear.
Break in elevation
19 inches
Stairrails
Stairways with four or

more risers or more than
30 inches high must have
a stairrail along each
unprotected side or edge.
Stairs
Install between
30 and 50 n gle
a
g.
degrees. 50
d e
0 &
- 3
m
Must have i for
Un
uniform riser of Tread
6 - 8 inch
height and
tread depth, 8 -
10 inch. Riser
Dangerous Conditions
Fix slippery
conditions before
using.
Stairway parts
must be free of
projections which
may cause
injuries or snag
clothing.
Ladders
Fixed ladder
Fixed ladders must have
cages if they are longer than
6 meters
– The requirements of a cage can
be substituted by the fitting of
a permanent fall-arrest system.
– Landing platforms must be
provided at every 6 meters.
– Exposed edges of access
openings and landings other
than for access from a ladder
shall be provided with guard
railing.
Double - Cleated Ladder
Use a double-cleated
ladder (with center
rail) or 2 or more
ladders:
 when ladders are the
only way to enter or
exit a working area
with 25 or more
employees
 when a ladder will
serve simultaneous
two-way traffic
Ladder Angle
Non-self-supporting
ladders:
(which lean against a
wall or other support)
Position at an angle
where the horizontal
distance from the
top support to the
foot of the ladder is
1/4 the working
length of the ladder
General Ladder Requirements
Ladders must be kept in a safe condition
-- DO –
Keep the area clear around the top
and bottom of a ladder
Ensure rungs, cleats, and steps are

level and uniformly spaced
Ensure rungs are spaced 10 to 14

inches apart
Keep ladders free from slipping

hazards
Safe Access
Three Point Contact
• Put both hands firmly on the rungs
before stepping onto a ladder.
• Use 3-point contact climbing a ladder
one hand and two feet or two hands
and one foot on the ladder at all times.
• Break 3-point contact only when you
reach ground or a stable platform.
• Keep your body between the side rails.
Don't lean out on either side.
• Don't carry tools, equipment, or
material in your hands while climbing.
• Clean mud and other slippery substances
off your boots before climbing.
Securing Ladders
• Secure ladders to prevent This ladder is not on
a secured surface
accidental movement due
to workplace activity
• Only use ladders on

stable and level surfaces,
unless secured
• Do not use ladders on

slippery surfaces unless
secured or provided with
slip-resistant feet
Safety in
Scaffold
Construction
COMMON SCAFFOLDING ITEMS
Scaffold Pipe
BASE PLATE of Various sizes
WITH SOLE BOARD
COMMON SCAFFOLDING ITEMS
Joint Pin & Sleeve Pin

Correct Sequence of Erecting a Scaffold
1 6
2 5
3 4
WRONG PRACTICE OF VERTICAL PIPE JOINT
ALWAYS USE JOINT PIN TO INCREASE –

HEIGHT OF SCAFFOLD
Scaffold joints
Plumb and Level
TYPES OF SCAFFOLDS
1. FREE STANDING SCAFFOLD

2. INDEPENDENT TIED SCAFFOLD
3. PUTLOG SCAFFOLD
4. SUSPENDED SCAFFOLD
5. MOBILE SCAFFOLD
6. UNIT FRAME SCAFFOLD
TYPES OF SCAFFOLDS
TYPES OF SCAFFOLDS
PUTLOG SCAFFOLD SUSPENDED SCAFFOLD

UNIT FRAME TYPE SCAFFOLD MOBILE TOWER SCAFFOLD
Access
• Provide a suitable ladder for access.
• Secure the ladder at the base and platform.
• Ensure the ladder is extended 1.00 meter
beyond the point of access.
• Ensure the ladder is fixed at an angle of 750 to
the ground.
• Access shall be provided for every platform.
• Opening for the access points should not
exceed 500 mm
• Scaffold having platform more than 30 meter
should have two access points.
General Inspection of scaffold material
Avoid using damaged material, i.e. Scaffold tubes, planks &
couplers
DAMAGED TUBES PLANK INSPECTION

Do not Use - Faulty Scaffold pipes
Common Faults in Foundations
1. Board is too
long
2. No Base plate
3. Due to trench,
sole board can
bend or break
4. These can’t be
sole board.
WRONG PRACTICES OF SCAFFOLD BASE
WRONG PRACTICES OF SCAFFOLD BASE
CORRECT METHOD FOR SCAFFOLD BASE
Correct Method for coupler installation
COUPLAR INSTALLATION
Wrong Practice
1. Use life line to attach Safety Belt

2. Don’t leave large gaps in scaffold platform
3. Guardrail is to be provided
Care during Scaffold Platform Construction
• No large gaps in
front edge of
platforms
• Overlap
platforms at
least 12 inches
over supports,
Each end of a
platform must
extend over its Planks not properly
overlapped
support by at
least 6 inches
Isolation of scaffold area
Scaffold Failure
• Scaffold failure can occur due to any of the
following:
– poor
foundation
– improper
assembly
– defective
materials
– overloading
– not secured
Impact Protection
• Wire mesh may be required if
stacked materials will be on
the platform.
• Nets can be used to catch
falling objects.
• Hard hats should be worn.
Safe use of Scaffold
• Do not use cross braces of framework
as means of access to working
platforms
• Do not overload the scaffold
• Do not kept any loose material on the
scaffold
• Avoid instant stocks to the scaffolds
• Do not work on scaffolds during storms
and high winds
Fall Protection
• A Fall Protection Elements are designed
to protect personnel from the risk of falls
when working at heights of 1.8 meters or
greater. A fall arrest system comprises
of :
Full Body Harness/Safety harness
Lanyard or Lanyard fitted with a shock
absorber
Anchorage point
Retractable reels – static lines
Fall Protection
Why Waist Belts Are Not Safe,
If you fall, the high force of the fall is

concentrated at your waist rather than
the 6 points of a safety harness.
Only Safety Harnesses can be used
6
Use full body harness
Fall arrest system:
Consists of mainly an anchorage,
connector, lifeline, lanyard and
full body harness.
Anchorage:
A secure point
of attachment to
which lifeline or
lanyard are
affixed (Capacity
> 2362 Kilogram ).
It is often a beam,
guarder or floor.
Checklist
Anchorage point:
• Must be independent of
• working surface
• Capable of supporting min.

2000 Kilograms
• Located at or above shoulder height

Lifeline:
A flexible vertical or
horizontal line secured to the
anchorage to which a lanyard
is attached.
Retractable lifeline:
A lifeline which allows free
travel without slack rope but
locks instantly when a fall
begins. To be used by one
person at a time.
Fall Protection
Full Body Harness/Safety Harness IS: 3521
• A full body harness is a
common fall arrest system
used when no fall prevention
methods are available.
• A full body harness stops a
fall in progress and
minimizes the force of the
fall to your body.
• Waist belts are not allowed
because a fall will usually
result in injury.
Fall Protection
Lanyards
• The purpose of a lanyard assembly is to
connect a harness to an anchorage point,
horizontal life line or rail, or other
acceptable form of anchorage
• Lanyards fitted with a shock absorber
should only be used at heights above 6
meters
• Retractable reels are fitted to the D Ring
on the rear of the Safety Harness and
connected either to a Horizontal static line
or anchor point
Fall Protection
Anchorage Points
• An anchorage point is the securing point
to a structure to which the fall arrest
device or lanyard is attached.
• Anchor points must be able to withstand a
force of 15kN
Fall Protection
Safety Nets
 Safety net with poly-amide lanyard
Should be
installed
below 3 to
6Mtrs from
Working
platform
Work permit
• To be issued in form.
• Ensure the check points mentioned

at the back of the form before
issuance.
Obtaining Work Permit
Work Permit must be
obtain prior to the job.
The permit should be
signed by the competent
engineer or supervisor
after completion of all
passive & active
components.
All Falls can be

Prevented
We Believe
Workplace accidents, illness and
incidents
are preventable
provided that
Health and Safety

is Managed

Working at Height Safety

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What are some common fall hazards discussed in the document?

What are some common fall hazards discussed in the document?

What are some elements of fall protection discussed?

What are some elements of fall protection discussed?

Safety while working at Height

Good body reaction time

Travel distance in 0.2

By the time you react your

• Installation and painting of overhead

• Insulation of overhead piping

• Erection and painting of tanks, chimneys

• Construction of exterior brickwork, finishing

• Erection and dismantling of scaffolds

• Working on pile driving rig

 These workers are not

 All open excavations

 Fall Prevention  Fall Protection

 Sides, ends, edges and

At least one point of access must be kept clear.

Stairways with four or

Ensure rungs, cleats, and steps are

Ensure rungs are spaced 10 to 14

Keep ladders free from slipping

• Only use ladders on

• Do not use ladders on

Joint Pin & Sleeve Pin

ALWAYS USE JOINT PIN TO INCREASE –

1. FREE STANDING SCAFFOLD

PUTLOG SCAFFOLD SUSPENDED SCAFFOLD

DAMAGED TUBES PLANK INSPECTION

1. Use life line to attach Safety Belt

If you fall, the high force of the fall is

• Capable of supporting min.

• Located at or above shoulder height

• Ensure the check points mentioned

All Falls can be

Health and Safety

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