Decision Making

WHAT IS DECISION MAKING
Decision making involves giving consideration to a matter,

identifying the desired end result, determining the options to
get to the end result, and then selecting the most suitable
option to achieve the desired purpose.
STEPS INVOLVED IN DECISION MAKING
EFFECTIVE DECISION MAKING SKILLS
Some of the most important traits which a person requires to take sound
& effective decisions are
TYPES OF DECISION MAKING
The ways in which decisions can be made can be of several types. The broad
classification of how people can take decisions are:
1. Analytical- This type is based on collecting information, analyzing data & taking a
calculated decision.
2. Directive- this is usually based on several processes & rules, and is focused on the end
goal.
3. Conceptual- this type of decision making keeps into consideration how other people
will be impacted by the decision.
4. Behavioral- this type is driven by the nature, attitude or behavior of a person.

THE TEACHER AS A DECISION MAKER
Teachers make countless decisions all day long in an effort to promote student learning.
Decisions before beginning teaching

Content ?
Abilities, cultural background, interests?
Materials?
Learning activities?
Learning targets?
Organizing and arranging ?

Decisions during teaching
Is the lesson going well?
What can be done to improve the lesson?
What feedback should we give?
Are my student ready to move to the next activity?

Decisions after teaching a segment
Achieving the short term and long term instructional targets?
Reporting strengths and weakness?
Grade?
Effectiveness of teaching?
Effectiveness of curriculum and materials?

DECISIONS ABOUT BASIC TEACHING FUNCTIONS
When a teacher break the decisions down, they fall into three categories:
planning, implementing, and assessing. Some decisions are made at the
desk when preparing lesson or unit plans, designing an instructional
activity, or grading papers. Other decisions are made on the spot during
the dynamic interactions with students when delivering a lesson.
PLANNING
Planning involves teacher decisions about
student needs,
the most appropriate goals and objectives,
the content to be taught,
instructional strategies,
lesson delivery techniques,
instructional media,
classroom climate, and
student assessment
These decisions are made before actual instruction takes place. The goal of
planning is to ensure student learning. Planning occurs when teachers are
alone and have time to reflect and consider issues such as
short‐range and long‐range plans,
student progress,
time available, and
instructional materials.
Planning helps arrange the appropriate flow and sequence of instructional

content and events
IMPLEMENTING
Implementing involves the actual enactment of the instructional plans

concerning lesson delivery and assessment. Implementation occurs when
interacting with students. Teaching skills that support implementation
include presenting and explaining, questioning, listening, monitoring, giving
feedback, and demonstrating. Additional skills are needed to monitor
student behavior, enforce rules and procedures, use instructional technology,
exhibit caring and respect, and create a positive learning environment.
ASSESSING
Assessing involves determining the level of student learning. Actually, many

aspects of assessment are determined during the planning phase when
instructional goals and content are identified. The means to measure student
learning include paper‐and‐ pencil tests, portfolios, work samples, projects,
reports, journals, models, presentations, demonstrations, and various other
types of product and performance assessments. Once assessment data has
been gathered, the information is recorded and judgments are made.
HOW TO IMPROVE DECISION MAKING SKILLS
 Increase Your General Knowledge
General knowledge is the awareness, understanding and comprehension of facts around you. General knowledge is
accumulated over time through reading, social interactions and experiences. With a good background of general knowledge,
you can improve your decision making powers.
Consider Various Options
As mentioned earlier, do not make a sudden decision based on a few given criteria. You must consider all possible options
and consequences. Be open to opinions, judgements and beliefs of others before arriving at your own conclusion
Pre determine the consequences
Another way to improve decision making skills for students is to imagine the results and effects beforehand. This way you
can measure if the positive consequences outweigh the negative effects of your decision. You may not be able to pre-
determine the repercussions of your decision completely, but having a rough picture or rough idea will also suffice.
CONCLUSION
Through their profession, teachers are continuously confronted with challenging

situations that demand decision making. Skill of decision making is a necessary
quality that every teachers must own. Learning how to make the best decisions
requires a number of skills like analyzing skills, reasoning and communication
skills. The key to good decision making is knowledge and understanding.
Efficient and appropriate decisions and effective teaching can make a class
room environment more positive and creative.

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WHAT IS DECISION MAKING

Decision making involves giving consideration to a matter,

4. Behavioral- this type is driven by the nature, attitude or behavior of a person.

Decisions before beginning teaching

Abilities, cultural background, interests?

Organizing and arranging ?

What can be done to improve the lesson?

What feedback should we give?

Are my student ready to move to the next activity?

Reporting strengths and weakness?

Effectiveness of curriculum and materials?

the most appropriate goals and objectives,

the content to be taught,

lesson delivery techniques,

classroom climate, and

short‐range and long‐range plans,

time available, and

Planning helps arrange the appropriate flow and sequence of instructional

Implementing involves the actual enactment of the instructional plans

Assessing involves determining the level of student learning. Actually, many

you can improve your decision making powers.

Consider Various Options

Pre determine the consequences

Through their profession, teachers are continuously confronted with challenging

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