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02 Proposition

This document discusses propositional logic and introduces some key concepts: - A proposition is a declarative sentence that can be either true or false. - Logical connectives like conjunction, disjunction, and negation are used to combine simple propositions into compound propositions. - Truth tables are used to systematically evaluate the truth values of compound propositions based on the truth values of their constituent simple propositions. - Examples of different logical connectives and their truth tables are provided.

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Shakib Salzer
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56 views15 pages

02 Proposition

This document discusses propositional logic and introduces some key concepts: - A proposition is a declarative sentence that can be either true or false. - Logical connectives like conjunction, disjunction, and negation are used to combine simple propositions into compound propositions. - Truth tables are used to systematically evaluate the truth values of compound propositions based on the truth values of their constituent simple propositions. - Examples of different logical connectives and their truth tables are provided.

Uploaded by

Shakib Salzer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROPOSITIONAL

LOGIC
CSE 2213 – Discrete Mathematics
Course teacher: Minhajul Bashir

10/29/2022 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD
TRUE OR FALSE?

I’m Shakib Al Hasan


10/29/2022 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 2
TRUE OR FALSE?

I’m Shakib Al Hasan


10/29/2022 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 3
WHAT IS A PROPOSITION?
A proposition is a declarative sentence
 It can be either true or false
 It cannot be neither
 It cannot be both

Let be “This is a Discrete Math class”, and be “This is a Physics class”


 is a true proposition
 is a false proposition

10/29/2022 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 4
WHAT IS NOT A PROPOSITION?
What is your name?
 A question. Not a declarative sentence.

Tell me your name.


 An order. Not a declarative sentence.

 An equation. Neither true nor false.

, given that and


 An equation with values of each variable. A proposition.

10/29/2022 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 5
WHAT IS NOT A PROPOSITION?
I am lying.
 If this sentence is true, then since I am saying this, it must be false!!!
 Both true and false
 Not a proposition
 We call such a sentence a paradox

10/29/2022 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 6
CONJUNCTION
Let be “Shakib Al Hasan is a cricketer and Shakib Khan is an actor.”
Can we break it down into two propositions?

If is “Shakib Al Hasan is a cricketer” and is “Shakib Khan is an actor”, then is a


conjunction of and
We write as
is true when both and are true

10/29/2022 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 7
DISJUNCTION
Let be “Shakib Al Hasan is a cricketer or Shakib Khan is a cricketer.”
When is this sentence true?

If be “Shakib Al Hasan is a cricketer” and be “Shakib Khan is a cricketer”, then is


a disjunction of and
We write as
is true when at least one of and are true

10/29/2022 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 8
NEGATION
Let be “Shakib Al Hasan is not a footballer”
When is this sentence true?

If is “Shakib Al Hasan is a footballer”, then is called the negation of


We write as
is true when is false

10/29/2022 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 9
CONSIDER THIS
Shakib Al Hasan is a cricketer or Shakib Khan is a cricketer.
What is the behavior of this sentence?
Case 1: Both Shakib Al Hasan and Shakib Khan are cricketers => True
Case 2: Shakib Al Hasan is a cricketer but Shakib Khan is not => True
Case 3: Shakib Al Hasan is not a cricketer but Shakib Khan is => True
Case 4: None of Shakib Al Hasan and Shakib Khan is a cricketer => False

10/29/2022 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 10
NOW CONSIDER THIS
What is the behavior of the sentence “Either Shakib Khan is an actor or Arifin Shuvo
is an actor, but Nasir Hossain is not an actor”?
How many cases will there be?

10/29/2022 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 11
TRUTH TABLES OF
COMPOUND PROPOSITIONS
A truth table is used to observe the
behavior of a compound proposition at a
glance T T T ?
The different possible truth values of the T T F ?
simple propositions are compiled in the T F T ?
table, and for each combination, the T F F ?
truth value of the compound one is
F T T ?
found out
F T F ?
F F T ?
F F F ?

10/29/2022 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 12
TRUTH TABLES OF
CONJUNCTION, DISJUNCTION
AND NEGATION
T T T T T T T F
T F F T F T F T
F T F F T T
F F F F F F

10/29/2022 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 13
PROBLEM
Construct the truth table of the proposition .

10/29/2022 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 14
A SPECIAL TYPE OF
DISJUNCTION –
EXCLUSIVE-OR
Quinton de Kock or Heinrich Klassen
will play in today’s match.
 Both will not play together. T T F
T F T
F T T
True if exactly one proposition is true
F F F

10/29/2022 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 15

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