Destructive Test

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DESTRUCTIVE

TEST
on the concrete for
Quality Assurance

Presentations By: Date:


Sanjaya Nepali (109) 2079/05/08
Sanjaya Nepali (110)
Sanjib Khadka (111)
References: IS 512 - 1959
Introduction to Destructive Test of concrete

As it’s name, the destructive tests are those which help to understand the behaviour and
quality by breaking the test specimen at certain loads.

The main objectives of the destructive are:


Quality Control, Evaluation of concrete, to provide the informations
on use of sand and aggregate, to evaluate the uniformity of
concrete, estimating the concrete quality with standard
requirements, to understand behavior and strength of concrete, Age
of Concrete ete.
Types of Destructive Test on concrete

1. Compression Test

2. Splitting Tensile Strength Test

3. Flexural Tensile Strength Test


1. Compression Test on Concrete

 OBJECTIVE : As per IS:516 – 1959, To determine the


compressive strength of concrete specimen.

 Apparatus Used is:

- Compression Testing Machine


- Materials ( Cement, Sand, Aggregate, Water, Admixture )
- Cube Mud Sizes of 150 mm, Cylindrical Moulds of Sizes
300mm diameter and 300 mm in height.
- Tamping Rod according to IS Standard, Curing Box
Specimens:
IS 516 - 1957
Age at Test:- Tests should be done at recognized ages of test specimen, usually being
7, 14 and 28 days.

Number of Specimens:
 At least three specimen, preferably from different batches, should be taken for testing
at each selected age.
Size and Shape of Specimen: Same as Mould Size, For Smaller Tests, Ratio of
diameter of specimen to the Max Size is 1 to 3. And not less than 7.5
Procedures:

 The specimen prepared according to IS 516 – 1959 and stored in water, should be
tested immediately on removal from the water and while still in wet condition.
Specimens when received dry should be kept in water for 24 hours before they are
taken for testing. The dimensions of the specimen, to the nearest 0.2 mm and weight
should be noted before testing. 
 
 The hearing surfaces of the compression the testing machine should be wiped, clean
and any loose sand or other materials’ removed from the surfaces of the specimen,
which would be in contact with the compression planes.
Procedures:

 In the case of a cubical; specimen, the specimen should be placed in the machine in
such a manner that the load could be applied to the opposite sides of the cubes, not to
the top and the bottom. The axis of the specimen should be carefully aligned with the
center of thrust of the spherically seated platen. No packing should be used between
the faces of the test specimen and the steel platen of the testing machine. As the
spherically seated block is brought to rest on the specimen, the movable portion
should be rotated gently by hand so that uniform seating is obtained.
Determination of Compressive Strength

 The Compressive Strength =

( The Load applied on the specimen at the time of breaking of


specimen)/( Crosssectional Area)

 
2. Splitting Tensile Strength Test of Concrete

OBJECTIVE : As per IS: 456 – 1959, To determine the tensile strength of


concrete specimen.

Apparatus Used is:


 Compression testing machine-
 two packing strips of plywood 30 cm long and 12 mm wide
 moulds
 tamping bar (steel bar of 16 mm diameter, 60 cm long)
 trowel
 glass or metal plate
Preparation of Samples of
Splitting Tensile Strength Test

 The sample size is cylinder of diameter 15 cm and height of 30 cm. The mould used
is metal with mean internal diameter of the mould is 15 cm ± 0.2 mm and the height
is 30 +/- 0.1 cm. The mould should be coated with a thin film of mould oil before use
to prevent adhesion of concrete.
 Concrete is placed into the mould in layers of approximately 5 cm thickness. Each
layer is compacted either by hand or by vibration. When compacting by hand, the
tamping bar is utilized and the stroke of the bar shall be distributed in a uniform way.
The number of strokes for each layer should not be at least 30. The stroke should
penetrate in to the underlying layer and the bottom layer should be rodded throughout
its depth.
Preparation of Samples of
Splitting Tensile Strength Test

 After compacting the top layer, the surface of the concrete should be finished level
with the top of the mould, using a trowel and covered with a glass or metal plate to
prevent evaporation of water.
 Curing: The test specimen should be stored in a place at a temperature of 27° +/- 2°C
for 24 hrs. After this period, specimens are removed from the moulds to be
submerged in clean fresh water or saturated lime solution for the specified curing
period (such as 7 or 28 days). The water or solution should be renewed every 7 days.
Procedures of
Splitting Tensile Strength Test
 After curing, wipe out water from the surface of specimen
 Using a marker, draw diametrical lines on the two ends of the specimen to verify that
they are on the same axial place.
 Measure the dimensions of the specimen.
 Keep the plywood strip on the lower plate and place the specimen.
 Align the specimen so that the lines marked on the ends are vertical and centered
over the bottom plate.
 Place the other plywood strip above the specimen and bring down the upper plate to
touch the plywood strip.
 Apply the load continuously without shock at a rate of approximately 14-21
kg/cm2/minute (Which corresponds to a total load of 9.9 ton/minute to 14.85
ton/minute)
 Write the breaking load (P).
Calculation of Tensile Strength Test

Range Calculation for testing machine


 According to IS 456, split tensile strength of concrete = 0.7 * Fck
 The splitting tensile strength, Tsp = 2P / π DL
 Where P is the applied load, D is the diameter of the specimen and L is length of the
specimen
3. Flexural Strength of Concrete Test
Objective: To determine flexural strength of the concrete specimen.

Apparatus:
 Steel, iron cast, or other nonabsorbent material molds with size of
(150mmX150mmX 750mm)
 Tamping rods: large rode (16mm diameter and 600mm long) and
small rode (10mm diameter and 300mm long)
 Testing machine capable of applying loads at a uniform rate
without interruption of shocks
 Scoop, Trowel
 Balance with accuracy of 1g
 Power driven concrete mixer
 Table vibration in the case of using vibration to compact concrete
in molds
Procedures of
Flexural Strength Test of Concrete
 Unreinforced concrete specimens of size 500 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm are casted
using the desired concrete grade and cured properly for 28 days.
 The test specimens are allowed to rest in water for 2 days at a temperature of 24˚C to
30˚C before testing.
 The testing is done immediately after removal of the specimen from the water and
while the specimens are in wet condition.
 Reference lines are drawn using chalks at 5 cm from the edges of the specimen on
either side to indicate the position of the roller supports.
 The prismatic specimens are supported on rollers of the testing machine. These
rollers provide a simply supported condition for the test.
Procedures of
Flexural Tensile Strength Test

 The load is gradually applied through two symmetrical rollers on the axis of the
beam.
 Further, load is applied without shock and increased continuously at a rate such that
the stress in the extreme fibre increases at approximately 7kg/cm2/minute.
 Finally, the load is applied until the specimen fails and the maximum load is noted. 
Calculations of
Flexural Tensile Strength Test
 The Flexural Strength or Modulus of Rupture (fb) is given by

 fb = Pl/bd2 (when a > 13.3 cm)

 fb = 3Pa/bd2 (when a < 13.3 cm)

 Where,
 a = the distance between the line of fracture and the nearest support, measured on the
center line of the tensile side of the specimen (cm)
 b = width of specimen (cm)
 d = failure point depth (cm)
 l = supported length (cm)
 P = Maximum Load taken by the specimen (kg)
Conclusion

These are the major tests done on hardened concrete for


determining the strength of concrete. As concrete is the basic
ingredient of all structures , the quality has to be ensured to
maintain the structural stability and life.
Thank You

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