Week 2- 

BASIC
DEFINITON
AND THE
STUDY OF
TOURISM 
Course Code: DYCHMPT113
Course Description: Macro Perspective
of Tourism and Hospitality 
Introduction: 
• This module is intended to have you learners of 1st year to understand the meaning of
tourism and hospitality and to gain knowledge about the different approaches of
Tourism. 

-At the end of this module, you are expected to: 

• Demonstrate knowledge and define tourism and related terms in the tourism industry;
• Explain the fundamental concepts relating to the determinants of tourism development;
• Relate the different approaches to tourism
 Discussion:

• A.  Basic Definition and the Study of Tourism –

Disciplinary Approaches 

• What is Tourism? 
• Tourism is defined as the activities of persons
traveling to and staying in places outside their
usual environment for not more than one
consecutive year for leisure, business and
other purposes. (WTO) 
Continuation:

• General Term for Travelers in

Tourism 

-  “All types of travelers engaged in

tourism are described as visitors.” 
 • 1. International visitors – a
person who travels to a country
other than in his place of
residence for not more than
one year and whose main
purpose of visit is other than
the exercise of an activity
remunerated  from within the
country visited. 

Continuation:Two Types of
Visitors based on the area to visit:
 Continuation:Two
Types of Visitors
based on the area to
visit:
2. Domestic visitors – any person,
regardless of nationality,
resident in a country and who
travels to a place in the same
country for not more than one
year and whose main purpose of
visit is other than following an
occupation remunerated from
within the place. 
  
Continuation:Types of Visitors
based on the Length of Stay

1. Excursionists or the same day visitors are

visitors who do not spend the night in a
collective or private accommodation in the
country visited. 

2. Tourists or overnight visitors are visitors who

stays at least one night in a collective or private
accommodation in the place or country visited. 
Continuation:Types of Tourism Based on
the area or destination being visited

1. International Tourism 

• Outbound tourism refers to the visits

made by residents of a country to
another country
• Inbound tourism refers to the visits to a
country by non-residents

• 2.  Internal Tourism refers to the visits

made by residents and non-residents
within a country. 
Continuation:Types of Tourism Based on the area or destination being
visited

3.  Domestic Tourism refers to the visits

made by residents of a country within
their country. 

4. National Tourism is internal tourism

plus outbound tourism. 
Continuation: The
Study of Tourism- • Approaches to Tourism vary depending on
Disciplinary the perspective of the researcher. The term
approach simple states that tourism is being
Approaches  studied from the point of view of the
discipline where the researcher is coming
from. (Goeldner & Ritchie) 
 1. Institutional Approach

Continuation:B.
Different Emphasis is anchored on the
institutions that operate under the
Approaches in tourism industry;

Tourism
It looks at the business side of the
tourism industry and tries to analyzed
the risk factors and operational
methods of the different entities.
 2. Historical Approach

It looks at the industry in a multi-stage/

developmental manner;
Continuation: Different
Approaches in Tourism
If focuses on the historical growth or
decline of activities and institutions;

It observes the industry as it starts end

evolves through time.
 3. Managerial Approach
Continuation:B.
Different
Approaches in It studies the industry by focusing on the
Tourism management activities such as planning,
research, advertising, pricing, control and
others that are essential in operating
tourism-related business.
 4. Economic Approach 

Continuation:  • The industry is analyzed from the point

of views of an economist. Through this
B. Different method, the contribution of tourism to
Approaches in the national economy can be measured
and monitored.
Tourism • The focus is on tourism’s share to the
country’s economic development and
finances.       
 5. Sociological Approach 

Continuation: B. This method primarily studies the result of

host and guests interactions; 
Different
Approaches in The approach concerns itself on the
Tourism behavior of tourists that are visiting certain
meeting into the community as a whole;

It analyzes the impact of tourism to the

community based on behavior, habits,
tradition and customs.
Continuation:B. Different
Approaches in Tourism 
6. Interdisciplinary Approach 

• Tourism does not deal with only one particular aspect of

the society; it is a fusion of different fields that were
crossed and brought together in order to bring about
phenomenon;
• Tourism involves many aspects of society. Virtually all
disciplines are touched or traversed by the tourism
industry;
• It analyzes the impact of tourism to the community based
on behavior, habits, traditions and customs.
Continuation:B. Different Approaches in
Tourism

7. Systems Approach 
  
• A method used to bring together the different components or parts that
are somehow linked with each other by a common principle or group.
• This approach is a very useful method in studying tourism since it
rationalizes and simplifies the complex ideas and prices and presents these
in an organized and synthesized manner.
Continuation:B. Different Approaches in
Tourism

8. Geographical Approach
 
• This is also known as demographic approach
• This focuses on understanding tourism based on the environment and the
characteristics of people where the process is being undertaken.
• The study may happen in an urban or rural setting, mountainous or coastal,
developing, highly developed or even underdeveloped areas.
Continuation:B. Different Approaches in
Tourism 

9. Product Approach
 
• The attention is towards the products of tourism and its components
compatibility to the tourists preferences.
• The components include the destinations, attractions, transportation,
cuisine and other amenities.
 C. Travel and Tourism 
  
1.Travel is the movement of people between distant
geographical locations. 
2. Travel can be done by foot, bicycle, automobile, train,
boat, bus, airplane, ship or other means, with or without
luggage, and can be one way or round trip. 
3. Travel can also include relatively short stays between
successive movements. 
4. Travel is a generic term for going in to a journey
regardless of the reason and timeframe. 
 Continuation: C.
Travel and Tourism 
5. Tour has specific reasons, timeframes, boundaries and
journey. 

6. All tourists are travelers, but not all travelers are

tourists. Tourism refers to the activity of traveling to a
place for leisure. 

7. Tourist may stay at a place for several days and enjoy

the attractions of the place or spend few days in leisure. 
D. Hospitality 

• It is derived from the Latin word Hospitare,

meaning “to receive as a guest”. It refers to the
act of providing food, beverages, or lodging to
travelers. 

• The Hospitality Industry comprises of

businesses that provide accommodations,
travel, food and beverage and entertainment
to the travelling public. 

• The hospitality industry alone is a multi-billion-

dollar enterprise. It is exciting, never boring
and offers unlimited opportunities. 
Continuation: D.
Hospitality 

• The hospitality industry is diverse

enough for people to work in different
areas of interest and still be employed
within the industry. 

• The hospitality business produces guest

satisfaction which is different from
other business sectors. 

• Products of the hospitality business are

intangible and perishable. 
Scope of the Hospitality Industry 
  

1. Lodging Segment 
- Hotels, Inns, Motels, Pensions, Resort
Continuation: Scope of the
Hospitality Industry 

2. Food and Beverage Segment 

- Restaurant, Fastfood (QSR), Catering 
Continuation: Scope of
the Hospitality Industry 

3. Entertainment and Recreation 

- Attraction, Gaming, Parks, Club
Continuation: Scope of
the Hospitality Industry 

4. Travel and Tourism 

- Transportation, Travel Agencies, Tour Operators 
F. Hotel Organizational Set-up-
Department in the Hotel  
• 1. Rooms Division
• Front Office- considered the hub or nerve center of the
hotel. It is the department that makes a first impression on
the guest and one that the guest relies on throughout his or
her stay for information and service.
• Reservations- refers to an arrangement by which lodging
operators hold accommodations for guest who will be
arriving at some later time.
• Housekeeping- is responsible for the cleanliness,
appearance, and condition of the entire hotel.
Continuation: F. Hotel Organizational Set-
up-Department in the Hotel  

• Concierge- is a uniformed employee of the hotel who has

her or his own separate desk in the lobby or on special
concierge floors. 
• Guest Service department or uniformed staff is headed by a
guest services manager who may also happen to be the bell
captain. The staff consists of door attendants and bell
persons and the concierge
Continuation: F. Hotel Organizational Set-up-Department in the
Hotel  
• 2. Human Resource Department 

• It is headed by the Human Resource Director or manager who directly reports to the General Manager and
is responsible for the performance of his department. 

• The Functions of Human Resources are:   

• 1. Hiring 
• 2. Compensation 
• 3. Evaluation and management 
• 4. Promotions 
• 5. Managing Relations 
• 6. Planning 
• 7. Training 
Continuation: F. Hotel Organizational Set-up-Department in the Hotel  

3. Sales and Marketing 

• Sales, a term used to identify the income an organization receives as a

result of doing business. 
• The term is synonymous with revenue.
• Marketing is the business process of creating relationships with and
satisfying customers. With its focus on the customer, marketing is one
of the premier components of business management.
Sources/References:
A. Book/Ebook 
• Anand Sahgal, Career in tourism (2018) India : Abd Publisher
• Lyndsey Velasquez, (2021) Tourism information management Philippines : Edric Publishing House
• Terzić, A., Drobnjaković, M., &Petrevska, B. (2020). Traditional Serbian countryside and second-home tourism
• Yeung, Mylene, (2020) Macro perspective of tourism and hospitality Philippines : Edric Publishing House
• Assaf, A., Lee, S. and Yang, W (2018). Methodological Advances in Hospitality and Tourism.. Bradford, West
Yorkshire: Emerald Publishing Limited.
• Terzić, A., Drobnjaković, M., & Petrevska, B. (2020). Traditional serbian countryside and second- home
tourism perspectives. European Countryside, 12(3), 312-332.
• Okumus, F., [et..al]. (2020). Strategic management research in hospitality and tourism: A perspective article.
Tourism Review of AIEST - International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism, 75(1), 243-246.
• Tang, J., Tosun, C., & Baum, T. (2020). Do gen zs feel happy about their first job? A cultural values perspective
from the hospitality and tourism industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,
32(12), 4017-4040.
Sources/References:
B. Web Page 
• Different types of Tourists (2020) retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7NMPiauiNU 
• History of Tourism (2020) retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UmlKuDUcE9k 
• Motivation in tourism (2021) retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D411iQmmyNY 
• Positive & Negative Effects of Tourism (2021) retrieved
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFCPn5fWgag 
• Three Categories of the Hospitality Industry (2021) retrieved from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=er_aoy4zeTg 
Sources/References:
C. Media 
  
• 10 Things you Need To Know about Cultural Tourism (2019) retrieved from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnUA5uKdz64
• Job Opportunities in Tourism & Hospitality (2018) retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzSsu6YuIuI
• Managing Human Resources in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry (2018) retrieved
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6HQB1wP7E0
Managing Marketing in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry(2018) retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zAHiGlMO-mA
• The Future of Tourism (2018) retrieved from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xx3CDR7PbJ4
Reflective Journal for Week 2 
• Instructions: 
• Answer the following questions based on your understanding about the recent discussion. Explain your
answer in detail (100 words per item. (A total of 800 words, equivalent to 10 points of your daily activity) 
• 1. What were the two or three main idea/concepts I found useful in today’s session, and why? 
• 2. What beliefs of mine have changed about teaching and learning as a result of this session? 
• 3. One thing I learned in this session that I may be able to use in the future is… 
• 4. Issues that interested me a lot, and that I would like to study in more detail. 
• 5. I am still unsure about 
• 6. What did we not cover that I expected we should? 
• 7. What strategies have I used in the past were reinforced by this session; Have I been discouraged from
any others? 
• 8. Miscellaneous interesting facts I learned in this session… 
• Adapted from: Learning Journals <http://www.audiencedialogue.net/journal.html>  
Assignment: Research the following:
 Career Opportunities 
• Job Forecast
• Job Requirements
• Career possibilities
• Career Paths in Tourism
• Internship
• Other Sources of Career Information
Quiz for
Week 2
• 10 points Matching Type
will be uploaded in
Schoology
Prepared by:
Wilson Manansala Figueroa
Faculty