Philosophy - Module 4-Done

PHILOSOPH
Y
Module 4
Prepared By:
Mary Mildred P. De Jesus
2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Recognize how 2. Evaluate own
the human
limitations and
body imposes
the possibilities
limits and
for their
possibilities for
transcendence
transcendence
3
Short Prayer
HUMAN
4
PERSON AS
AN
EMBODIED
5
Fable: DON'T ARGUE WITH DONKEYS
The donkey said to the tiger: - "The grass is blue".
The tiger replied: - "No, the grass is green."
The discussion heated up, and the two decided to submit him to arbitration,
and for this they went before the lion, the King of the Jungle. Already before
reaching the forest clearing, where the lion was sitting on his throne:
the donkey began to shout: - "His Highness, is it true that the grass is blue?".
The lion replied: - "True, the grass is blue."
The donkey hurried and continued:- "The tiger disagrees with me and
contradicts and annoys me, please punish him."
The king then declared: - "The tiger will be punished with 5 years
of silence."
The donkey jumped cheerfully and went on his way, content and repeating:
- "The Grass Is Blue"...
6
The tiger accepted his punishment, but before he asked the lion:
- "Your Majesty, why have you punished me?, after all, the
grass is green."
The lion replied: - "In fact, the grass is green."
The tiger asked: - "So why are you punishing me?".
The lion replied: - "That has nothing to do with the question of
whether the grass is blue or green.
The punishment is because it is not possible for a brave and intelligent
creature like you to waste time arguing with a donkey, and on top of
that come and bother me with that question."
The worst waste of time is arguing with the fool and fanatic who does
not care about truth or reality, but only the victory of his beliefs and
illusions. Never waste time on arguments that don't make sense...
Human composition of man
7
MAN - The English term “man” is

derived from a Proto-Indo European
root *man - (see Sanskrit/Avestan
Manu-,Slavic mǫž "man, male").
 It is the general term commonly used to
refer to the entire human race. Other
related terms, humanity, mankind, and
humankind.
8
HUMAN - refers to man as species – HOMO

SAPIENS or MODERN HUMAN
BEINGS. The term human being is
also used to differentiate man from other
animals.
9
PERSON – Is the personality of a human being so

called “SELF”.
 Refers to a human being granted recognition of
certain rights, protection, responsibilities and
dignity above all.
 Philosopher refers to the human person as the
totality of an individual, possessing awareness, self-
determination and capacity to interact with others
and with himself/herself.
10
 PERSONHOOD – refers to the state of being a

person.
 HUMAN NATURE- defines as the nature of
humans especially the fundamental characters and
traits of humans. It refers to the characteristics that
distinguish humans from all other creatures. These
traits are expected to arise independent of the
influence of culture and society.
 Ex: Thinking, Feelings and Acting.
WHAT IS THE HUMAN PERSON?
11
What consists an Embodied Spirit? 12
Self-awareness
refers to the person having a clear perception of
oneself, including his thoughts, emotions, identity
and actions
Self-determination
Refers to the capability of persons to make
choices and decisions based on their own
preferences, monitor and regulate their actions,
and be goal-oriental and self-directed.
13
Dignity
Refers to the innate right to be valued and
respected. Philosophers consider all humans as
having an inherent worth or value.
“You’re worthless!” is an insult since it attacks the
very notion of a person having value or worth.
EXTERNALITY
Refers to the capability of a person to reach out
and interact with others and the world.
14
Limitations of the Human Body
 Physical Limitations – death, sickness,
limitations of senses, dependence to food, water,
and oxygen, limited strength and power.
 Emotional Limitations – extreme emotions,
negative impacts of emotions to decision making;
constant desire to pleasure and positive emotions.
 Intellectual emotions – deceiving sense-
perception, cognitive dissonance, biases and
prejudices, information overload.
15
Limitations of the Human Persons
 Human Persons are biologically deficient beings.
This means that we are not equipped with the best
physical attributes among all the beings in the
world.
 We do not have the natural

ability to fly
16
Limitations of the Human Persons
 We cannot also breathe underwater without the aid
of breathing apparatus.
17
 POSSIBILITY - is defined by Merriam-Webster

Dictionary as:
 1. a chance that something might exist, happen,
or be true;
 2. the state or fact of being possible;
 3. something that might be done or might
happen;
 4. something that is possible;
 5. abilities or qualities that could make someone
or something better in the future.
18
 TRANSCENDENCE - means;
 1. exceeding usual limits or SURPASSING;
 2. extending or lying beyond the limits of
ordinary experience;
3. in Kantian philosophy : being beyond the
limits of all possible experience and
knowledge
 As an embodied spirit, it provides us numerous
19
opportunities to explore everything around us and

even within us. Though we enjoy a number of
advantages compared to other beings, still there are a
number of things that we naturally cannot do.
 Despite these natural limitations, we have used our
intellect to devise means to achieve several feats. We
now use airplanes to fly, employ scuba gear to swim
underwater for extended periods, and invented tools
and machines to lift gear weights and perform other
feats well beyond our physical capabilities.
20
21
 The ability to surpass limits is called transcendence.

Our mind is an important tool that allows us to go
beyond many of our physical limits. As persons, we
are able to exercise our imagination and reflection to
go beyond our own thoughts and experiences.
 TRANSCENDENCE also means overcoming
oneself or being in control even if the body reminds
us of certain tendencies. Although these tendencies
are felt, the person can govern them and ensure that
they are exercised within the bounds of reason.
22
What if you don’t have a body?

23
How are the body and spirit related? 24
Philosophers consider the human person as

defined by the union of the body and the spirit.
THE HUMAN PERSON IS AN EMBODIED
SPIRIT. The body and the spirit are not only
united, but they are integrated with each other.
Embodiment enables us to do and experience

all the things that make us human persons.
Embodiment 25
The human body stands as the mediator between the

material world and the spiritual world. Being an
embodied spirit, the person is able to encounter the
world of objects (and other personal subjects) in a
manner that transcends the physical. This feature
allows him to form intimate relationship with those
outside him.
Human embodiment allows persons to attach certain
feelings or ideas not only to people but also to objects.
(pair of shoes as a present from a loved one)
The Human Person as an
26
Embodied Spirit
 Human existence is embodied

existence.
 Many things related to our existence
as persons are related to bodies,
age, sex, race, relationships, etc.
27
CONSEQUENCE
is the result or effect of an action or condition.
Philosophers believe that a person acts freely and
with due regard for the consequences of his actions.
28
CONSCIOUSNESS
 Is the state or quality of awareness, or, of being
aware of an external object or something
within oneself.
EMBODIMENT
 Refers to biological and physical presence of
our bodies, which are necessary
precondition for subjectivity, emotion,
language, thought and social interaction.
29
LIMITATIONS OF THE HUMAN
PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT
1. Facticity
2. Spatial-temporal being
3. The Body as intermediary
30
FACTICITY
 Refers to the things in our life that already given.
 Refers to all the details that surround us in the

present: our environment, our language, our past
decisions, our past and present relationships, and
even our future death.
31
FACTICITY
“Bakit mo ba
sinisira yung
buhay mo?
Broken family
po kasi kami
eh”!
SPATIAL-TEMPORAL BEING
32
 As temporal beings, our most obvious limitation

is our finitude – our finite quality or state.
 We are limited by our bodies to be present in two
or more places at the same time.
 We are limited by space (spatial) and time
(temporal).
 Our spatial-temporal situation sets our
preconditions of understanding.
33
SPATIAL-TEMPORAL BEING
Why do we hold
on or lament on
something
which is no
longer yours?
THE BODY AS INTERMEDIARY
34
 Intermediary means acting as a mediator

(Merriam- Webster).
 Our body serves as an intermediary between us
and the physical world.
 Our body limits our experience of the world to
our world.
 This imposes limitations concerning
communication and expression.
35
THE BODY AS INTERMEDIARY
In most This is
challenge for us
cases words to be more
are not creative in
enough. expressing
ourselves.
36
37
REFERENCES:
 https://k12.starbooks.ph/pluginfile.php/8980/mod_resource/co
ntent/3/index.html
 https://www.slideshare.net/AllanBasuga/the-human-person-as-a
n-embodied-spirit-160195332
 https://www.slideshare.net/kazekage15/the-human-person-as-
an-embodied-spirit-limitations-and-transcendence?qid=63c670d8-
a57e-45eb-9978-0c0c9e5bf901&v=&b=&from_search=11

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PHILOSOPH

MAN - The English term “man” is

HUMAN - refers to man as species – HOMO

PERSON – Is the personality of a human being so

 PERSONHOOD – refers to the state of being a

 We do not have the natural

 POSSIBILITY - is defined by Merriam-Webster

opportunities to explore everything around us and

 The ability to surpass limits is called transcendence.

What if you don’t have a body?

Philosophers consider the human person as

Embodiment enables us to do and experience

The human body stands as the mediator between the

 Human existence is embodied

 Refers to all the details that surround us in the

 As temporal beings, our most obvious limitation

 Intermediary means acting as a mediator

THE BODY AS INTERMEDIARY

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