Codes of Ethics

Codes of Ethics
LESSON
ETHICS DEFINED
ETHICS is derived from the Greek word “ethikos” which
means “having to do with character. The Latin word for ethos
is “mos” (or “mores”). That is why we known Ethics as the
Moral Science or Moral Philosophy. It refers to the theory of
morality of right conduct.
Conscience. It refers to the practical judgment of reason upon act as

good.
TYPES OF CONSCIENCE
TYPES OF CONSCIENCE
1. Antecedent Conscience is a judgment before an action is done.

2. Consequent Conscience is a judgment after an action is done.
3. True Conscience is a conscience which judges thing truly as they are.
4. Erroneous Conscience is known as the false conscience.
5. Certain Conscience is a subjective certainty of the legality of particular
actions.
6. Doubtful Conscience happens when a person is not certain about a
judgment.
7. Scrupulous Conscience is one which sees wrong where there is none.
8. Lax Conscience is one where it fails to see wrong where there is wrong.
FACTOR INFLUENCING BUSINESS ETHICS
Leadership. Leaders is a person who leads the people towards achieving a common goal. Leader can be
good or bad, great or small they arise out of needs and opportunities of a particular time and place.
Leaders should be the role models and mentors to its subordinates to attain progress and not became
examples of disgrace and mentors of regress in work.

Performance and Working Environment. Good performance creates motivation to the subordinates to
work harder. The working environment must possess the energy of being productive in order for all to flow
properly. If the working environment possesses a weak or feeble performance, the workers started to be
lazy and not concentrated to the work resulting of being not productive.
Deontology. The philosophy that says people should meet their obligations and duties when analyzing an
ethical dilemma. This means that a person will follow his/her obligations because upholding one’s duty is
what is considered ethically correct.

Legal Rights. It includes freedom of religion, speech and assembly, protection from improper arrest,
searches and seizures, proper access to counsel, confrontation of witnesses, cross-examination in criminal
prosecutions, right to privacy in many matters and rights applied without regard to race, color, creed,
gender, or ability.
BENEFITS OF BUSINESS ETHICS
•Goodwill of the People. People like to build long term relationships with
organizations that performs their tasks on the principle of ethics. Moreover,
strong public image leads to continual loyalty and attracts new investors.
•Prevention from Legal Actions. By implementing ethical practices,
organizations are automatically prevented from illegal and objectionable
activities as business ethics instruct to avoid all that is wrong and evil. Such
organization have no fear of legal action and social boycott.
•Business Ethics is substantially Improved the Society. Establishment
of anti-trust laws, unions and other regulatory bodies has contributed to the
development of the society.
•Ethical Practices Create Strong Public Image. Organization with strong
ethical practices will possess a strong image among the public. This image
would lead to strong loyalty.
•Ethical Practices Support Employees’ Growth. Ethics in the workplace
help employee face reality, both good and bad – in the organization.
•Strong Teamwork and High Productivity. Constant change and
dialogue will ensure the employee matches to the value of the
organization.
• Build Trust with the Key Shareholders. Implementation of ethics helps
organization to gain trust of their shareholders.
•High Profit. Reputation of the company and its share prices also
increase if the company act upon Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
FOUR VIEWS OF ETHICS
1. Utilitarian View. ethical decisions are made solely on the basis of their
outcomes or consequences. Greatest good is provided for the greatest
number. And encourages efficiency and productivity and is consistent with
the goal of profit maximization.
2. Moral Right View. they are more in the respecting and protecting the
fundamental rights of the people. Moral decisions are those that best
maintain the rights of those people affected by them. An ethical decision is
one that avoids interfering with the fundamental rights of other.
THE SIX MORAL RIGHTS OF AN INDIVIDUALS:

 The right of free consent
 The right of privacy
 The right of freedom of conscience
 The right of free speech
 The right of due process
 The right of life and safety
3. Justice View: there is always fair and impartial treatments of people
according to the legal rules and standards. The decisions to be created are
based to the standard of Equality, Fairness and Impartiality.
THREE TYPES OF JUSTICE APPROACHES:

Distributive Justice: the treatment of people should not be based on arbitrary
characteristics. In case of substantive differences, people should not be treated differently
in proportion to the differences among them.
Procedural Justice: the rules must be or should be clearly stated; equal and just for
everyone. All the rules approved should be consistently and impartially enforced for the
betterment of the workplace.
Compensatory Justice: the individuals should be compensated for the cost of their
injuries by the party responsible. Individuals should not be held responsible for matters
they have no control.
Individualism View. the acts when they promote the individual’s long term
interests, which ultimately leads to the greater goods. Individual self-
direction paramount; individuals is believed to lead to honesty and moral
integrity since the Accounts Receiver. Is the primary documents is to one’s
long term is like one’s long term self-receipt

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Codes of Ethics

Conscience. It refers to the practical judgment of reason upon act as

1. Antecedent Conscience is a judgment before an action is done.

THE SIX MORAL RIGHTS OF AN INDIVIDUALS:

THREE TYPES OF JUSTICE APPROACHES:

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