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    Vacuole 1

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    nadia riaz
    Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles found in plant and animal cells that serve various functions. They were first observed in protozoa in 1776 and named vacuoles in 1841. Vacuoles contain cell sap and come in various types depending on their functions, such as storing proteins, waste, or pigments. Vacuoles play important roles in turgor pressure, waste storage, pigment storage, and cell growth.

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    Vacuole 1

    Uploaded by

    nadia riaz
    175 views14 pages
    Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles found in plant and animal cells that serve various functions. They were first observed in protozoa in 1776 and named vacuoles in 1841. Vacuoles contain cell sap and come in various types depending on their functions, such as storing proteins, waste, or pigments. Vacuoles play important roles in turgor pressure, waste storage, pigment storage, and cell growth.

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    VACUOLE 1

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    Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles found in plant and animal cells that serve various functions. They were first observed in protozoa in 1776 and named vacuoles in 1841. Vacuoles contain cell sap and come in various types depending on their functions, such as storing proteins, waste, or pigments. Vacuoles play important roles in turgor pressure, waste storage, pigment storage, and cell growth.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    175 views14 pages

    Vacuole 1

    Uploaded by

    nadia riaz
    Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles found in plant and animal cells that serve various functions. They were first observed in protozoa in 1776 and named vacuoles in 1841. Vacuoles contain cell sap and come in various types depending on their functions, such as storing proteins, waste, or pigments. Vacuoles play important roles in turgor pressure, waste storage, pigment storage, and cell growth.

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    CONTENT:

     Introduction
     Discovery
     Structure
     Types of vacuole
     functions
    Introduction
     Vacuole are compartment within the
    protoplast bounded by membrane tonoplast
    containing sap (aqueous solution).
     It is present in both plant and animal

    cells.But most abundant in plant cell.


     The number of vacuoles are different in

    different types of cells.


     They occupy 90% space of parenchymatous

    cells
     Large number of smaller vacuoles are

    present in meristematic cells.


    Discovery:
     Contractile vacuoles were first observed by
    Spallanzani(1776) in protozoa, although
    mistaken for respiratory organ.
     Dujardin (1841) named these “stars” as

    vacuoles
     In (1842) Schleiden applied the term for plant

    cells,to distinguish the structure with the cell


    sap from the rest of protoplasm.
     In (1885) de Vries named the vacuole

    membrane as tonoplast.
    Structure
     They generally have no basic shape or size;its
    structure varies according to the requirement
    of the cell.
     In immature and actively dividing plants cells

    the vacuoles are quite small.


     These vacuoles arise initially in young

    dividing cells, probably by the progressive


    fusion of vesicles derived from the Golgi
    apparatus
    CONTINU………
     A vacuole is surrounded by membrane called
    the tonoplast or vacuolar membrane and
    filled with cell sap.
     Most part of vacuoles are occupied by water.
     The solutes are inorganic salts. The sap of

    vacuole are also contain sucrose, glucose,


    organic acids, phenolic compounds like
    tinnins and nitrogenous compounds like
    amino acids, peptides, proteins etc
    Types of Vacuoles:
     Lytic vacuoles: These are plant specialized
    vacuoles, function as reservoir for ions and
    matabolites, including pigments and are crucial
    to process of detoxification and general cell
    homeostasis.
     Protein storage vacuoles(PSV): Store proteins are

    deposited into protein storage vacuole during


    plant seed development and maturation and
    stably accumulate to high levels;subsequently,
    during germination the storage proteins are
    rapidly degraded to provide nutrients for embryo.
    CONTINU…
     Contractile Vacuoles: Contractile vacuoles are
    membrane bounded organelles that are
    typically found among members of kingdom
    protista. In these cells, the contractile vacuole is
    particularly helps in osmoregulation.
     Food Vacuoles: A food vacuole is formed by the
    fusion of a phagosome and a lysosome. It
    contains digestive enzymes with the help of
    which nutrients are digested. The digested
    materials pass out into the surrounded
    cytoplasm.
    CONTINU….
     Sap Vacuole: It is the large , central
    organelles that occupy most part of the cell
    volume. This organelle contains the fluid
    known as cell sap, which consist of such
    contents as water , sugars, minerals and
    amino acids.
     Gas Vacuole: Gas vacuole are composed of

    hollow cylindrical gas vesicles. They are


    found in bacteria and have permeable
    membrane that allows air to pass through.
    Functions:
     They expand the plant cell and do not dilute its
    cytoplasm.
     It is the store house of cell. It store water and cell

    products. It also store food reserves like protein,


    flavonoids and alkaloids.
     It is also a store house for metabolic wastes.
     These are permanently stored in the central

    vacuole.
     They store calcium in the form of calcium oxalate

    which regulate the activity of many enzymes.


    CONTINU….
     It cause turgor in plant cell.
     It also contain pigments like anthocyanins. It

    provide different colour to plant cells,flower


    fruit , and vegetables. These colours are
    violet, blue, purple, and red.
     It play important role in growth of the cells.

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